Thomson Alex Innes, Archer Frederick I, Coleman Melinda A, Gajardo Gonzalo, Goodall-Copestake William P, Hoban Sean, Laikre Linda, Miller Adam D, O'Brien David, Pérez-Espona Sílvia, Segelbacher Gernot, Serrão Ester A, Sjøtun Kjersti, Stanley Michele S
Scottish Association for Marine Science Scottish Marine Institute Oban UK.
Southwest Fisheries Science Centre NOAA La Jolla CA USA.
Evol Appl. 2021 May 4;14(6):1497-1518. doi: 10.1111/eva.13224. eCollection 2021 Jun.
The health of the world's oceans is intrinsically linked to the biodiversity of the ecosystems they sustain. The importance of protecting and maintaining ocean biodiversity has been affirmed through the setting of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 14 to conserve and sustainably use the ocean for society's continuing needs. The decade beginning 2021-2030 has additionally been declared as the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. This program aims to maximize the benefits of ocean science to the management, conservation, and sustainable development of the marine environment by facilitating communication and cooperation at the science-policy interface. A central principle of the program is the conservation of species and ecosystem components of biodiversity. However, a significant omission from the draft version of the Decade of Ocean Science Implementation Plan is the acknowledgment of the importance of monitoring and maintaining genetic biodiversity within species. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of genetic diversity to adaptive capacity, evolutionary potential, community function, and resilience within populations, as well as highlighting some of the major threats to genetic diversity in the marine environment from direct human impacts and the effects of global climate change. We then highlight the significance of ocean genetic diversity to a diverse range of socioeconomic factors in the marine environment, including marine industries, welfare and leisure pursuits, coastal communities, and wider society. Genetic biodiversity in the ocean, and its monitoring and maintenance, is then discussed with respect to its integral role in the successful realization of the 2030 vision for the Decade of Ocean Science. Finally, we suggest how ocean genetic diversity might be better integrated into biodiversity management practices through the continued interaction between environmental managers and scientists, as well as through key leverage points in industry requirements for Blue Capital financing and social responsibility.
世界海洋的健康与它们所维持的生态系统的生物多样性有着内在联系。通过设定联合国可持续发展目标14，即养护和可持续利用海洋以满足社会的持续需求，保护和维护海洋生物多样性的重要性得到了肯定。从2021年至2030年的这十年还被宣布为联合国海洋科学促进可持续发展十年。该计划旨在通过促进科学与政策界面的沟通与合作，最大限度地发挥海洋科学对海洋环境管理、养护和可持续发展的益处。该计划的一项核心原则是保护生物多样性的物种和生态系统组成部分。然而，《海洋科学十年实施计划》草案中一个重大遗漏是没有认识到监测和维持物种内遗传生物多样性的重要性。在本文中，我们强调遗传多样性对种群内适应能力、进化潜力、群落功能和恢复力的重要性，同时突出海洋环境中遗传多样性面临的一些主要威胁，这些威胁来自人类的直接影响以及全球气候变化的影响。然后，我们强调海洋遗传多样性对海洋环境中一系列社会经济因素的重要性，这些因素包括海洋产业、福利和休闲活动、沿海社区以及更广泛的社会。接着，我们讨论了海洋遗传生物多样性及其监测和维护在成功实现海洋科学十年2030年愿景方面的不可或缺作用。最后，我们建议如何通过环境管理者与科学家之间的持续互动，以及通过蓝色资本融资和社会责任等行业要求中的关键杠杆点，将海洋遗传多样性更好地纳入生物多样性管理实践。
