Dib Rama, Gervais Nicole J, Mongrain Valérie
Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (CIUSSS-NIM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms. 2021 Jun 13;11:100068. doi: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2021.100068. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Sleep is a vital part of our lives as it is required to maintain health and optimal cognition. In humans, sex differences are relatively well-established for many sleep phenotypes. However, precise differences in sleep phenotypes between male and female rodents are less documented. The main goal of this article is to review sex differences in sleep architecture and electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during wakefulness and sleep in rodents. The effects of acute sleep deprivation on sleep duration and EEG activity in male and female rodents will also be covered, in addition to sex differences in specific circadian phenotypes. When possible, the contribution of the female estrous cycle to the observed differences between males and females will be described. In general, male rodents spend more time in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) in comparison to females, while other differences between sexes in sleep phenotypes are species- and estrous cycle phase-dependent. Altogether, the review illustrates the need for a sex-based perspective in basic sleep and circadian research, including the consideration of sex chromosomes and gonadal hormones in sleep and circadian phenotypes.
睡眠是我们生活中至关重要的一部分，因为维持健康和最佳认知需要睡眠。在人类中，许多睡眠表型的性别差异相对已经明确。然而，雄性和雌性啮齿动物睡眠表型的精确差异记录较少。本文的主要目的是综述啮齿动物清醒和睡眠期间睡眠结构和脑电图（EEG）活动的性别差异。除了特定昼夜节律表型的性别差异外，还将探讨急性睡眠剥夺对雄性和雌性啮齿动物睡眠时间和EEG活动的影响。如果可能，将描述雌性发情周期对观察到的雄性和雌性之间差异的影响。一般来说，与雌性相比，雄性啮齿动物在非快速眼动睡眠（NREMS）中花费的时间更多，而睡眠表型的其他性别差异则取决于物种和发情周期阶段。总之，该综述表明在基础睡眠和昼夜节律研究中需要基于性别的观点，包括在睡眠和昼夜节律表型中考虑性染色体和性腺激素。
