School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China; Riphah College of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University Gilgit, Pakistan.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2021 Oct;78:105686. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105686. Epub 2021 Jul 27.
Quercetin (QUR) have got the attention of scientific society frequently due to their wide range of potential applications. QUR has been the focal point for research in various fields, especially in food development. But, the QUR is highly unstable and can be interrupted by using conventional assessment methods. Therefore, researchers are focusing on novel extraction and non-invasive tools for the non-destructive assessment of QUR. The current review elaborates the different novel extraction (ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction) and non-destructive assessment techniques (fluorescence spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, Raman spectroscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy) for the extraction and identification of QUR in agricultural products. The novel extraction approaches facilitate shorter extraction time, involve less organic solvent, and are environmentally friendly. While the non-destructive techniques are non-interruptive, label-free, reliable, accurate, and environmental friendly. The non-invasive spectroscopic and imaging methods are suitable for the sensitive detection of bioactive compounds than conventional techniques. QUR has potential therapeutic properties such as anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, antiallergic, antineoplastic agent, neuroprotector, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. Besides, due to the low bioavailability of QUR innovative drug delivery strategies (QUR loaded gel, QUR polymeric micelle, QUR nanoparticles, glucan-QUR conjugate, and QUR loaded mucoadhesive nanoemulsions) have been proposed to improve its bioavailability and providing novel therapeutic approaches.
由于其广泛的潜在应用，槲皮素（QUR）经常引起科学界的关注。QUR 一直是各个领域研究的焦点，特别是在食品开发领域。但是，QUR 极不稳定，使用常规评估方法可能会中断。因此，研究人员专注于新型提取和非侵入性工具，用于无损评估 QUR。目前的综述详细阐述了不同的新型提取（超声辅助提取、微波辅助提取、超临界流体提取和酶辅助提取）和非破坏性评估技术（荧光光谱法、太赫兹光谱法、近红外光谱法、高光谱成像、拉曼光谱法和表面增强拉曼光谱法），用于农产品中 QUR 的提取和鉴定。新型提取方法可以缩短提取时间，减少有机溶剂的使用，并且对环境友好。而无损技术是非侵入性、无标记、可靠、准确和对环境友好的。与传统技术相比，非侵入性光谱和成像方法更适合于生物活性化合物的敏感检测。QUR 具有潜在的治疗特性，如抗肥胖、抗糖尿病、抗过敏、抗肿瘤剂、神经保护剂、抗菌和抗氧化活性。此外，由于 QUR 的生物利用度较低，因此提出了创新的药物输送策略（QUR 负载凝胶、QUR 聚合物胶束、QUR 纳米粒子、葡聚糖-QUR 缀合物和 QUR 负载黏附纳米乳液），以提高其生物利用度并提供新的治疗方法。
