Gallo Federico, Bermudez-Margaretto Beatriz, Shtyrov Yury, Abutalebi Jubin, Kreiner Hamutal, Chitaya Tamara, Petrova Anna, Myachykov Andriy
Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, HSE University, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 Sep 7;15:686388. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.686388. eCollection 2021.
This review aims at clarifying the concept of first language attrition by tracing its limits, identifying its phenomenological and contextual constraints, discussing controversies associated with its definition, and suggesting potential directions for future research. We start by reviewing different definitions of attrition as well as associated inconsistencies. We then discuss the underlying mechanisms of first language attrition and review available evidence supporting different background hypotheses. Finally, we attempt to provide the groundwork to build a unified theoretical framework allowing for generalizable results. To this end, we suggest the deployment of a rigorous neuroscientific approach, in search of neural markers of first language attrition in different linguistic domains, putting forward hypothetical experimental ways to identify attrition's neural traces and formulating predictions for each of the proposed experimental paradigms.
本综述旨在通过追溯其界限、识别其现象学和语境限制、讨论与其定义相关的争议以及为未来研究提出潜在方向，来阐明第一语言损耗的概念。我们首先回顾损耗的不同定义以及相关的不一致之处。然后，我们讨论第一语言损耗的潜在机制，并回顾支持不同背景假设的现有证据。最后，我们试图为构建一个统一的理论框架奠定基础，以得出可推广的结果。为此，我们建议采用严谨的神经科学方法，寻找不同语言领域中第一语言损耗的神经标记，提出识别损耗神经痕迹的假设实验方法，并为每个提出的实验范式制定预测。
