Williams Cortes, Chambers-Wilson Ramanda, Roy Jahnabi, Kowalczewski Christine, Jockheck-Clark Angela R, Christy Robert, Martinez Luis A
Naval Medical Research Unit San Antonio, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA.
United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX 78234, USA.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Sep 18;13(18):3174. doi: 10.3390/polym13183174.
Thermal injuries pose a risk for service members in prolonged field care (PFC) situations or to civilians in levels of lower care. Without access to prompt surgical intervention and treatment, potentially salvageable tissues are compromised, resulting in increases in both wound size and depth. Immediate debridement of necrotic tissue enhances survivability and mitigates the risks of burn shock, multiple organ failure, and infection. However, due to the difficulty of surgical removal of the burn eschar in PFC situations and lower levels of care, it is of utmost importance to develop alternative methods for burn stabilization. Studies have indicated that cerium(III) nitrate may be used to prolong the time before surgical intervention is required. The objective of this study was to incorporate cerium(III) nitrate into an electrospun dressing that could provide burst release. Select dosages of cerium(III) nitrate were dissolved with either pure solvent or polyethylene oxide (PEO) for coaxial or traditional electrospinning set-ups, respectively. The solutions were coaxially electrospun onto a rotating mandrel, resulting in a combined nonwoven mesh, and then compared to traditionally spun solutions. Dressings were evaluated for topography, morphology, and porosity using scanning electron microscopy and helium pycnometry. Additionally, cerium(III) loading efficiency, release rates, and cytocompatibility were evaluated in both static and dynamic environments. Imaging showed randomly aligned polymer nanofibers with fiber diameters of 1161 ± 210 nm and 1090 ± 250 nm for traditionally and coaxially spun PEO/cerium(III) nitrate dressings, respectively. Assay results indicated that the electrospun dressings contained cerium(III) nitrate properties, with the coaxially spun dressings containing 33% more cerium(III) nitrate than their traditionally spun counterparts. Finally, release studies revealed that PEO-based dressings released the entirety of their contents within the first hour with no detrimental cytocompatibility effects for coaxially-spun dressings. The study herein shows the successful incorporation of cerium(III) nitrate into an electrospun dressing.
在长期野外护理（PFC）情况下，热损伤会给军人带来风险，在较低护理水平下也会给平民带来风险。如果无法及时进行手术干预和治疗，原本可能可挽救的组织就会受到损害，导致伤口面积和深度增加。立即清创坏死组织可提高生存率，并减轻烧伤休克、多器官功能衰竭和感染的风险。然而，由于在PFC情况和较低护理水平下手术切除烧伤焦痂存在困难，因此开发替代的烧伤稳定方法至关重要。研究表明，硝酸铈（III）可用于延长需要手术干预前的时间。本研究的目的是将硝酸铈（III）纳入一种能实现快速释放的电纺敷料中。分别将选定剂量的硝酸铈（III）与纯溶剂或聚环氧乙烷（PEO）溶解，用于同轴或传统电纺装置。将溶液同轴电纺到旋转的心轴上，形成复合非织造网，然后与传统纺丝溶液进行比较。使用扫描电子显微镜和氦比重瓶对敷料的表面形貌、形态和孔隙率进行评估。此外，还在静态和动态环境中评估了铈（III）的负载效率、释放速率和细胞相容性。成像显示，传统纺丝和同轴纺丝的PEO/硝酸铈（III）敷料的聚合物纳米纤维随机排列，但纤维直径分别为1161±210纳米和1090±250纳米。分析结果表明，电纺敷料具有硝酸铈（III）的特性，同轴纺丝敷料所含硝酸铈（III）比传统纺丝敷料多33%。最后，释放研究表明，基于PEO的敷料在第一小时内释放了全部内容物，且对同轴纺丝敷料没有有害的细胞相容性影响。本文的研究表明成功地将硝酸铈（III）纳入了电纺敷料中。
