SCDU Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy.
Nutrients. 2021 Sep 23;13(10):3331. doi: 10.3390/nu13103331.
Breakfast skipping increases with age, and an association with a high risk of being overweight (OW) and of obesity (OB), cardiometabolic risk, and unhealthy diet regimen has been demonstrated in observational studies with children and adults. Short-term intervention trials in adults reported conflicting results. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the association of breakfast skipping with body weight, metabolic features, and nutrition quality in the groups of young people that underwent randomized controlled (RCT) or intervention longitudinal trials lasting more than two months. We searched relevant databases (2000-2021) and identified 584 articles, of which 16 were suitable for inclusion. Overall, 50,066 children and adolescents were included. No studies analyzed cardiometabolic features. Interventions were efficacious in reducing breakfast skipping prevalence when multi-level approaches were used. Two longitudinal studies reported a high prevalence of OW/OB in breakfast skippers, whereas RCTs had negligible effects. Ten studies reported a lower-quality dietary intake in breakfast skippers. This review provides insight into the fact that breakfast skipping is a modifiable marker of the risk of OW/OB and unhealthy nutritional habits in children and adolescents. Further long-term multi-level intervention studies are needed to investigate the relationship between breakfast, nutrition quality, chronotypes, and cardiometabolic risk in youths.
不吃早餐的现象会随着年龄的增长而增加，有观察性研究表明，不吃早餐与超重（OW）和肥胖（OB）、心血管代谢风险以及不健康的饮食模式有关，这些研究对象包括儿童和成年人。针对成年人的短期干预试验结果则存在矛盾。本系统评价的目的是总结在进行了持续两个月以上的随机对照（RCT）或干预性纵向试验的年轻人组中，不吃早餐与体重、代谢特征和营养质量之间的关联。我们检索了相关数据库（2000-2021 年），共检索到 584 篇文章，其中 16 篇符合纳入标准。总体上，共有 50066 名儿童和青少年被纳入研究。没有研究分析过心血管代谢特征。当采用多层次方法时，干预措施在降低不吃早餐的发生率方面是有效的。有两项纵向研究报告称，不吃早餐的人超重/肥胖的发生率较高，而 RCT 则几乎没有影响。有 10 项研究报告称，不吃早餐的人饮食质量较差。本综述提供了一个重要的认识，即不吃早餐是儿童和青少年发生 OW/OB 和不良营养习惯的风险的一个可改变的标志物。需要进一步开展长期的多层次干预研究，以调查早餐、营养质量、昼夜节律和年轻人的心血管代谢风险之间的关系。
