Xu Hui, Ni Yu-Qing, Liu You-Shuo
Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Oct 8;8:733985. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.733985. eCollection 2021.
Atherosclerosis, a complex chronic inflammatory disease, involves multiple alterations of diverse cells, including endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), platelets, and even mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Globally, it is a common cause of morbidity as well as mortality. It leads to myocardial infarctions, stroke and disabling peripheral artery disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that secreted by multiple cell types and play a central role in cell-to-cell communication by delivering various bioactive cargos, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Emerging evidence demonstrated that miRNAs and lncRNAs in EVs are tightly associated with the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we will outline and compile the cumulative roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs encapsulated in EVs derived from diverse cells in the progression of atherosclerosis. We also discuss intercellular communications EVs. In addition, we focused on clinical applications and evaluation of miRNAs and lncRNAs in EVs as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
动脉粥样硬化是一种复杂的慢性炎症性疾病，涉及多种细胞的多种改变，包括内皮细胞（ECs）、血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）、单核细胞、巨噬细胞、树突状细胞（DCs）、血小板，甚至间充质干细胞（MSCs）。在全球范围内，它是发病和死亡的常见原因。它会导致心肌梗死、中风和致残性外周动脉疾病。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是一组异质性的细胞来源膜结构，由多种细胞类型分泌，通过传递各种生物活性物质，特别是微小RNA（miRNAs）和长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs），在细胞间通讯中发挥核心作用。新出现的证据表明，EVs中的miRNAs和lncRNAs与动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展密切相关。在这篇综述中，我们将概述和汇编来自不同细胞的EVs中封装的miRNAs和lncRNAs在动脉粥样硬化进展中的累积作用。我们还将讨论EVs的细胞间通讯。此外，我们重点关注了EVs中miRNAs和lncRNAs作为动脉粥样硬化潜在诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点的临床应用和评估。
