Fernandes Sheila Marques, Watanabe Mirian, Vattimo Maria de Fátima Fernandes
Animal Model Experimental Laboratory (LEMA), School of Nursing (EEUSP), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Health Sciences and Wellbeing (CISBEM), University Center of United Metropolitan Colleges, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 2021 Oct 18;27:e20200162. doi: 10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0162. eCollection 2021.
Inflammatory processes are believed to play an important role in immune response to maintain tissue homeostasis by activating cellular signaling pathways and releasing inflammatory mediators in the injured tissue. Although acute inflammation can be considered protective, an uncontrolled inflammation may evolve to tissue damage, leading to chronic inflammatory diseases. Inflammation can be considered the major factor involved in the pathological progression of acute and chronic kidney diseases. Functional characteristics of this organ increase its vulnerability to developing various forms of injuries, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In view of translational research, several discoveries should be considered regarding the pathogenesis of the inflammatory process, which results in the validation of biomarkers for early detection of kidney diseases. Biomarkers enable the identification of proinflammatory mediators in kidney affections, based on laboratory research applied to clinical practice. Some inflammatory molecules can be useful biomarkers for the detection and diagnosis of kidney diseases, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, kidney injury molecule-1 and interleukin 18.
炎症过程被认为在免疫反应中发挥重要作用，通过激活细胞信号通路并在受损组织中释放炎症介质来维持组织稳态。虽然急性炎症可被视为具有保护作用，但不受控制的炎症可能演变为组织损伤，导致慢性炎症性疾病。炎症可被认为是急性和慢性肾脏疾病病理进展中的主要因素。该器官的功能特性增加了其发生各种形式损伤的易感性，包括急性肾损伤（AKI）和慢性肾脏病（CKD）。鉴于转化研究，关于炎症过程的发病机制应考虑几个发现，这导致了用于早期检测肾脏疾病的生物标志物的验证。基于应用于临床实践的实验室研究，生物标志物能够识别肾脏疾病中的促炎介质。一些炎症分子可作为检测和诊断肾脏疾病的有用生物标志物，如中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白、肾损伤分子-1和白细胞介素18。
