Hopkins Hannah K, Traverse Elizabeth M, Barr Kelli L
Center for Global Health and Infectious Disease Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Pathogens. 2021 Nov 19;10(11):1510. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10111510.
(1) Background: The human brain is of interest in viral research because it is often the target of viruses. Neurological infections can result in consequences in the CNS, which can result in death or lifelong sequelae. Organoids modeling the CNS are notable because they are derived from stem cells that differentiate into specific brain cells such as neural progenitors, neurons, astrocytes, and glial cells. Numerous protocols have been developed for the generation of CNS organoids, and our goal was to describe the various CNS organoid models available for viral pathogenesis research to serve as a guide to determine which protocol might be appropriate based on research goal, timeframe, and budget. (2) Methods: Articles for this review were found in Pubmed, Scopus and EMBASE. The search terms used were "brain + organoid" and "CNS + organoid" (3) Results: There are two main methods for organoid generation, and the length of time for organoid generation varied from 28 days to over 2 months. The costs for generating a population of organoids ranged from USD 1000 to 5000. (4) Conclusions: There are numerous methods for generating organoids representing multiple regions of the brain, with several types of modifications for fine-tuning the model to a researcher's specifications. Organoid models of the CNS can serve as a platform for characterization and mechanistic studies that can reduce or eliminate the use of animals, especially for viruses that only cause disease in the human CNS.
(1) 背景：人类大脑在病毒研究中备受关注，因为它常常是病毒的攻击目标。神经感染可在中枢神经系统产生后果，进而导致死亡或终身后遗症。模拟中枢神经系统的类器官值得关注，因为它们源自可分化为特定脑细胞（如神经祖细胞、神经元、星形胶质细胞和神经胶质细胞）的干细胞。已开发出众多生成中枢神经系统类器官的方案，我们的目标是描述可用于病毒发病机制研究的各种中枢神经系统类器官模型，以作为根据研究目标、时间框架和预算确定哪种方案可能合适的指南。(2) 方法：本综述的文章在PubMed、Scopus和EMBASE中查找。使用的检索词为“脑 + 类器官”和“中枢神经系统 + 类器官”。(3) 结果：类器官生成有两种主要方法，类器官生成时间从28天到两个多月不等。生成一批类器官的成本在1000美元到5000美元之间。(4) 结论：有多种生成代表大脑多个区域的类器官的方法，还有几种类型的修改可根据研究人员的规格对模型进行微调。中枢神经系统类器官模型可作为表征和机制研究的平台，可减少或消除动物的使用，特别是对于仅在人类中枢神经系统中致病的病毒。
