Binda Cecilia, Gibiino Giulia, Coluccio Chiara, Sbrancia Monica, Dajti Elton, Sinagra Emanuele, Capurso Gabriele, Sambri Vittorio, Cucchetti Alessandro, Ercolani Giorgio, Fabbri Carlo
Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, Ausl Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy.
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 90015 Bologna, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2022 Jan 28;10(2):312. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10020312.
Recent evidence regarding microbiota is modifying the cornerstones on pathogenesis and the approaches to several gastrointestinal diseases, including biliary diseases. The burden of biliary diseases, indeed, is progressively increasing, considering that gallstone disease affects up to 20% of the European population. At the same time, neoplasms of the biliary system have an increasing incidence and poor prognosis. Framing the specific state of biliary eubiosis or dysbiosis is made difficult by the use of heterogeneous techniques and the sometimes unwarranted invasive sampling in healthy subjects. The influence of the microbial balance on the health status of the biliary tract could also account for some of the complications surrounding the post-liver-transplant phase. The aim of this extensive narrative review is to summarize the current evidence on this topic, to highlight gaps in the available evidence in order to guide further clinical research in these settings, and, eventually, to provide new tools to treat biliary lithiasis, biliopancreatic cancers, and even cholestatic disease.
近期关于微生物群的证据正在改变发病机制的基石以及包括胆道疾病在内的几种胃肠道疾病的治疗方法。事实上，考虑到胆结石疾病影响高达20%的欧洲人口，胆道疾病的负担正在逐渐增加。与此同时，胆道系统肿瘤的发病率不断上升且预后不良。由于使用的技术各异，且在健康受试者中有时进行不必要的侵入性采样，因此确定胆道微生态平衡或失调的具体状态变得困难。微生物平衡对胆道健康状况的影响也可能是肝移植后阶段周围一些并发症的原因。这篇广泛的叙述性综述的目的是总结关于该主题的当前证据，突出现有证据中的差距，以指导这些情况下的进一步临床研究，并最终提供治疗胆石症、胆胰癌甚至胆汁淤积性疾病的新工具。
