Sheth Maulee, Esfandiari Leyla
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
Front Oncol. 2022 Mar 14;12:846917. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.846917. eCollection 2022.
Cancer is primarily a disease of dysregulation - both at the genetic level and at the tissue organization level. One way that tissue organization is dysregulated is by changes in the bioelectric regulation of cell signaling pathways. At the basis of bioelectricity lies the cellular membrane potential or V, an intrinsic property associated with any cell. The bioelectric state of cancer cells is different from that of healthy cells, causing a disruption in the cellular signaling pathways. This disruption or dysregulation affects all three processes of carcinogenesis - initiation, promotion, and progression. Another mechanism that facilitates the homeostasis of cell signaling pathways is the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by cells. EVs also play a role in carcinogenesis by mediating cellular communication within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, the production and release of EVs is altered in cancer. To this end, the change in cell electrical state and in EV production are responsible for the bioelectric dysregulation which occurs during cancer. This paper reviews the bioelectric dysregulation associated with carcinogenesis, including the TME and metastasis. We also look at the major ion channels associated with cancer and current technologies and tools used to detect and manipulate bioelectric properties of cells.
癌症主要是一种失调性疾病——在基因水平和组织水平上均是如此。组织失调的一种方式是细胞信号通路的生物电调节发生变化。生物电的基础是细胞膜电位或V，这是任何细胞都具有的一种内在特性。癌细胞的生物电状态与健康细胞不同，导致细胞信号通路受到破坏。这种破坏或失调会影响致癌作用的所有三个过程——启动、促进和进展。促进细胞信号通路稳态的另一种机制是细胞产生细胞外囊泡（EVs）。EVs还通过介导肿瘤微环境（TME）内的细胞通讯在致癌过程中发挥作用。此外，癌症中EVs的产生和释放会发生改变。为此，细胞电状态和EVs产生的变化是癌症期间发生生物电失调的原因。本文综述了与致癌作用相关的生物电失调，包括TME和转移。我们还研究了与癌症相关的主要离子通道以及用于检测和操纵细胞生物电特性的当前技术和工具。
