State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
Zhongshan Bo'ai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Zhongshan 528400, China.
Nutrients. 2022 Apr 2;14(7):1498. doi: 10.3390/nu14071498.
Immune system maturation begins early in life, but few studies have examined how early-life gut microbiota colonization educates the neonatal immune system. Bifidobacteria predominate in the intestines of breastfed infants and metabolize human milk oligosaccharides. This glycolytic activity alters the intestinal microenvironment and consequently stimulates immune system maturation at the neonatal stage. However, few studies have provided mechanistic insights into the contribution of 'infant-type' species, especially via metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. In this review, we highlight the first 1000 days of life, which provide a window of opportunity for infant-type bifidobacteria to educate the neonatal immune system. Furthermore, we discuss the instrumental role of infant-type bifidobacteria in the education of the neonatal immune system by inducing immune tolerance and suppressing intestinal inflammation, and the potential underlying mechanism of this immune effect in the first 1000 days of life. We also summarize recent research that suggests the administration of infant-type bifidobacteria helps to modify the intestinal microecology and prevent the progress of immune-mediated disorders.
免疫系统的成熟始于生命早期，但很少有研究探讨早期肠道微生物定植如何教育新生儿的免疫系统。双歧杆菌在母乳喂养婴儿的肠道中占优势，并代谢人乳寡糖。这种糖酵解活性改变了肠道微环境，从而在新生儿期刺激免疫系统成熟。然而，很少有研究提供关于“婴儿型”物种贡献的机制见解，特别是通过短链脂肪酸等代谢物。在这篇综述中，我们强调了生命的前 1000 天，这为婴儿型双歧杆菌提供了一个机会窗口，以教育新生儿的免疫系统。此外，我们讨论了婴儿型双歧杆菌通过诱导免疫耐受和抑制肠道炎症来教育新生儿免疫系统的工具作用，以及这种免疫作用在生命前 1000 天的潜在潜在机制。我们还总结了最近的研究，表明婴儿型双歧杆菌的给药有助于改变肠道微生态，防止免疫介导的疾病进展。
