Hanif Wildan, Hardiansyah Andri, Randy Ahmad, Asri Lia A T W
Materials Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung Jalan Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132 Indonesia
Research Center for Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) Bld. 440-442 Kawasan Puspiptek, Serpong South Tangerang 15314 Indonesia
RSC Adv. 2021 Aug 31;11(46):29029-29041. doi: 10.1039/d1ra04992e. eCollection 2021 Aug 23.
Burn is a major skin injury that occurs worldwide. For second-degree burns, special treatment should be given for creating a suitable wound healing environment. Hydrogel wound dressing as the primary care should possess extra properties that include antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility to enhance the treatment effectiveness. Additional therapy such as electrical stimulation can be applied as well promote wound healing. Herein, we used the tissue engineering concept to create a novel antibacterial and cytocompatible hydrogel made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), graphene-based material (GBM), and aloe vera extract (Av) through the freeze-thaw process. We prepared the PVA/GBM/Av hydrogel and examined its potential as a wound dressing. We found that it exhibited excellent hydrophilicity with a contact angle between 15 and 31 degrees and electrical conductivity within the range of 0.0102-0.0154 S m, which is comparable to that of the human skin tissue and possesses tensile strength up to 1.5 MPa with elongation of 405%. It also demonstrated good stability in phosphate buffer saline with a weight ratio of 73-80% after 14 days of immersion. We presented that the addition of graphene and graphene oxide (GO) inhibited the growth of Gram-positive ATCC 6538 with the lowest bacterial population observed in PVA/GO, which is 1.74 × 10 cfu mL after 1 day incubation and 99.94% bacterial reduction. Furthermore, our PVA/GBM/Av showed no toxicity to 3T3 fibroblast cells after 48 h with viability up to 295% for PVA/GO/Av. In summary, our fabricated hydrogels have shown their potential as wound dressing with antibacterial and non-cytotoxic properties.
烧伤是一种在全球范围内都有发生的严重皮肤损伤。对于二度烧伤，应给予特殊治疗以创造适宜的伤口愈合环境。水凝胶伤口敷料作为主要护理手段，应具备额外的特性，包括抗菌活性和细胞相容性，以提高治疗效果。诸如电刺激等额外疗法也可应用于促进伤口愈合。在此，我们运用组织工程学概念，通过冻融过程制备了一种由聚乙烯醇（PVA）、石墨烯基材料（GBM）和芦荟提取物（Av）制成的新型抗菌且具有细胞相容性的水凝胶。我们制备了PVA/GBM/Av水凝胶并考察了其作为伤口敷料的潜力。我们发现它具有优异的亲水性，接触角在15至31度之间，电导率在0.0102 - 0.0154 S m范围内，这与人体皮肤组织相当，并且具有高达1.5 MPa的拉伸强度和405%的伸长率。在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中浸泡14天后，其重量比保持在73 - 80%，显示出良好的稳定性。我们发现添加石墨烯和氧化石墨烯（GO）可抑制革兰氏阳性菌ATCC 6538的生长，在PVA/GO中观察到的细菌数量最少，孵育1天后为1.74×10 cfu/mL，细菌减少率达99.94%。此外，我们的PVA/GBM/Av在48小时后对3T3成纤维细胞无毒性，对于PVA/GO/Av，细胞活力高达295%。总之，我们制备的水凝胶已显示出作为具有抗菌和无细胞毒性特性的伤口敷料的潜力。
