Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2022 Apr 26;17:1851-1864. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S355131. eCollection 2022.
Nano silver is one of the most widely used engineering nanomaterials with antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. However, the widespread application of nano silver preparations in daily life raises concerns about public health. Although several review articles have described the toxicity of nano silver to specific major organs, an updated comprehensive review that clearly and systematically outlines the harmful effects of nano silver is lacking. This review begins with the routes of exposure to nano silver and its distribution in vivo. The toxic reactions are then discussed on three levels, from the organ to the cellular and subcellular levels. This review also provides new insights on adjusting the toxicity of nano silver by changing their size and surface functionalization and their combination with other materials to form a composite formulation. Finally, future development, challenges, and research directions are discussed.
纳米银是应用最广泛的工程纳米材料之一，具有抗菌活性，可以抵抗细菌、真菌和病毒。然而，纳米银制剂在日常生活中的广泛应用引起了人们对公共健康的关注。尽管有几篇综述文章描述了纳米银对特定主要器官的毒性，但缺乏对纳米银危害的全面、综合的更新综述。本综述首先介绍了纳米银的暴露途径及其在体内的分布。然后从器官、细胞和亚细胞三个层面讨论了其毒性反应。本综述还提供了通过改变纳米银的尺寸和表面功能化及其与其他材料结合形成复合材料配方来调节其毒性的新见解。最后，讨论了未来的发展、挑战和研究方向。
