Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia.
Perspect Psychol Sci. 2022 Sep;17(5):1381-1403. doi: 10.1177/17456916211057565. Epub 2022 May 17.
There is a critical disconnect between scientific knowledge about the nature of bias and how this knowledge gets translated into organizational debiasing efforts. Conceptual confusion around what implicit bias is contributes to misunderstanding. Bridging these gaps is the key to understanding when and why antibias interventions will succeed or fail. Notably, there are multiple distinct pathways to biased behavior, each of which requires different types of interventions. To bridge the gap between public understanding and psychological research, we introduce a visual typology of bias that summarizes the process by which group-relevant cognitions are expressed as biased behavior. Our typology spotlights cognitive, motivational, and situational variables that affect the expression and inhibition of biases while aiming to reduce the ambiguity of what constitutes implicit bias. We also address how norms modulate how biases unfold and are perceived by targets. Using this typology as a framework, we identify theoretically distinct entry points for antibias interventions. A key insight is that changing associations, increasing motivation, raising awareness, and changing norms are distinct goals that require different types of interventions targeting individual, interpersonal, and institutional structures. We close with recommendations for antibias training grounded in the science of prejudice and stereotyping.
在科学知识与组织去偏努力之间存在着一个关键的脱节，即关于偏见本质的科学知识是如何转化为组织去偏努力的。对隐性偏见是什么的概念混淆导致了误解。弥合这些差距是理解反偏见干预何时以及为何会成功或失败的关键。值得注意的是，存在多种不同的导致偏见行为的途径，每种途径都需要不同类型的干预。为了弥合公众理解与心理研究之间的差距，我们引入了一种偏见的视觉分类法，该分类法总结了群体相关认知如何表现为偏见行为的过程。我们的分类法突出了影响偏见表达和抑制的认知、动机和情境变量，同时旨在减少构成隐性偏见的模糊性。我们还讨论了规范如何调节偏见的展开和被目标感知的方式。我们使用这种分类法作为框架，确定了针对反偏见干预的理论上不同的切入点。一个关键的见解是，改变联想、提高动机、提高意识和改变规范是不同的目标，需要针对个人、人际和制度结构的不同类型的干预。最后，我们提出了基于偏见和刻板印象科学的反偏见培训建议。
