Orebi Hisham Ahmed, Emara Hesham Elsayed, Alhindi Abdallah Ahmoud, Shahin Mohamed Reda, Hegazy Arwa Hassan, Kabbash Ibrahim Ali, Saied Shimaa M
Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
Trop Med Health. 2022 May 30;50(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s41182-022-00427-2.
A safe and effective vaccine is the ultimate key to mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine acceptance is influenced by various factors, including perceptions about the vaccine's safety and side effects. The side effects vary depending on the type of the vaccine, but they are mainly mild, local, temporary, and self-limiting.
A cross-sectional study was carried out at Tanta University Hospitals, including 1246 healthcare workers who received either the first or the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, selected via a systematic random sampling technique using a self-administered structured validated questionnaire for data collection from November 2021 to January 2022. Qualitative data were presented as frequencies and percentages and analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.
The prevalence of one or more side effects was 91.3%. Among participants, about two-thirds believed in vaccine safety and its necessity (65.4% and 63.6%, respectively). Significantly more participants (46.9%) were concerned about AstraZeneca thrombotic complications than other vaccine types. The top five side effects reported by participants were injection site pain (64.8%), sense of fatigue (57.1%), headache (49.9%), muscle pain (48.7%), and fever (46.5). Most of the side effects were significantly higher among participants vaccinated with AstraZeneca. Side effects impacted work capacity of 23.4%, which was significantly higher among participants who received AstraZeneca (33.6%).
Participants had a good level of belief in vaccination safety and necessity. Healthcare workers who got the AstraZeneca vaccination reported more adverse effects than other vaccines. Injection site pain, fatigue, headache, muscle pains, and fever were the most frequently reported side effects. More research on vaccination safety is needed to understand the long-term adverse effects of vaccinations better, improve the public trust, and accelerate vaccine adoption.
安全有效的疫苗是缓解新冠疫情的关键所在。疫苗的接受度受到多种因素影响，包括对疫苗安全性和副作用的认知。副作用因疫苗类型而异，但主要为轻微、局部、暂时且自限性的。
在坦塔大学医院开展了一项横断面研究，纳入1246名接种了第一剂或第二剂新冠疫苗的医护人员，于2021年11月至2022年1月通过系统随机抽样技术选取，使用自行填写的结构化有效问卷收集数据。定性数据以频率和百分比呈现，并采用卡方检验和费舍尔精确检验进行分析。
出现一种或多种副作用的发生率为91.3%。参与者中，约三分之二相信疫苗的安全性及其必要性（分别为65.4%和63.6%）。与其他疫苗类型相比，明显更多的参与者（46.9%）担心阿斯利康疫苗的血栓形成并发症。参与者报告的前五种副作用为注射部位疼痛（64.8%）、疲劳感（57.1%）、头痛（49.9%）、肌肉疼痛（48.7%）和发热（46.5%）。接种阿斯利康疫苗的参与者中，大多数副作用明显更高。副作用影响了23.4%的工作能力，在接种阿斯利康疫苗的参与者中这一比例明显更高（33.6%）。
参与者对疫苗接种的安全性和必要性有较高的信任度。接种阿斯利康疫苗的医护人员报告的不良反应比其他疫苗更多。注射部位疼痛、疲劳、头痛、肌肉疼痛和发热是最常报告的副作用。需要对疫苗接种安全性进行更多研究，以更好地了解疫苗接种的长期不良反应，提高公众信任，并加速疫苗的推广应用。
