Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Food Drug Anal. 2021 Dec 15;29(4):544-558. doi: 10.38212/2224-6614.3374.
Conducting polymers (CPs) are a category of polymeric materials with conjugated main chains. The characteristic electrical and optical properties of CPs can be fine-tuned through controlling the doping states of CPs. Because of their long-term stability in water, CPs have been demonstrated as electroactive biointerfaces and electrode materials especially in aqueous environments. Serving as multifunctional interfaces and organic electrodes for the integration bioelectronics and devices, CPs have been studied and applied in various biological applications. This paper provides a review of conducting polymer-based electrochemical sensors, particularly those used in biological fields. General conducting polymers and derivatives and their main electrochemical sensing platforms with different design of devices are introduced. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance methods and their features are then explored as detection methods for the analysis of drugs and food. To enhance the sensitivity and lower the detection limit of sensing platforms, various CP-based nanocomposites have been designed and developed. Although the electrodes made of CP-based nanocomposites usually outperform those made of pristine CPs, more systematic studies are required to provide insights into the design of nanocomposite-based electrodes. More applications of CP-based sensors for advanced food and drug analyses are expected.
导电聚合物（CPs）是一类具有共轭主链的聚合材料。通过控制 CPs 的掺杂状态，可以精细调整 CPs 的电和光特性。由于它们在水中具有长期稳定性，CPs 已被证明是电活性生物界面和电极材料，特别是在水相环境中。作为生物电子学和器件集成的多功能界面和有机电极，CPs 已在各种生物应用中得到研究和应用。本文综述了基于导电聚合物的电化学传感器，特别是在生物领域中的应用。介绍了一般的导电聚合物及其衍生物，以及它们在不同器件设计下的主要电化学传感平台。然后探讨了循环伏安法、差分脉冲伏安法、计时安培法、电化学阻抗谱和石英晶体微天平方法及其特点，作为分析药物和食品的检测方法。为了提高传感平台的灵敏度和降低检测限，设计和开发了各种基于 CP 的纳米复合材料。尽管基于 CP 的纳米复合材料电极通常优于原始 CP 电极，但仍需要进行更多的系统研究，以深入了解基于纳米复合材料电极的设计。预计 CP 基传感器将在先进的食品和药物分析中得到更多应用。
