Yuan Zheng, Gottsacker Catherine, He Xingyu, Waterkotte Thomas, Park Yoonjee C
Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022 Aug;187:114395. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114395. Epub 2022 Jun 13.
Overuse or misuse of antibiotics and their residues in the environment results in the emergence and prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria and leads to serious health problems. Notable progress in liposome research has been made in drug delivery and several liposomal drugs have been approved for clinical use owing to its biocompatibility and improved efficacy. Recently, liposomes have been engineered further to release encapsulated drugs on the target of interest in a dose-controlled fashion in response to external stimuli such as light, pH, and heat. Among those, light-activated liposomal drug delivery gained a lot of attention because drug release at the targeted sites can be precisely controlled by varying laser/light duration, energy and beam area. We envision potential applications of the light-activated liposomal delivery systems for effective drug-resistant antimicrobial therapies. The use of light-activated liposomes will be widely spread in antimicrobial therapies if the amount of drug is precisely controlled for a prolonged time at a target location. In this review, we discussed the breadth and depth of various light-activated liposomal drug delivery technology. Emphasis was given to repetitive release mechanism and applications of light-activated liposomes because the repeatability provides stability and precise control of the drug delivery system to prevent overdose of antimicrobials and treat with minimal doses. We described limitations on translation from pre-clinical to clinical settings and strategies to overcome the limitations. Careful consideration of light-responsive materials, lipid composition, laser parameters and laser safety is important when selecting and designing the drug delivery system for successful applications.
抗生素的过度使用或滥用及其在环境中的残留导致了耐药菌的出现和流行，并引发了严重的健康问题。脂质体研究在药物递送方面取得了显著进展，由于其生物相容性和提高的疗效，几种脂质体药物已被批准用于临床。最近，脂质体经过进一步改造，能够响应光、pH值和热等外部刺激，以剂量可控的方式在目标部位释放包封的药物。其中，光激活脂质体药物递送备受关注，因为可以通过改变激光/光的持续时间、能量和光束面积精确控制靶向部位的药物释放。我们设想光激活脂质体递送系统在有效的抗耐药菌治疗中的潜在应用。如果能在目标位置长时间精确控制药物用量，光激活脂质体在抗菌治疗中的应用将会广泛普及。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了各种光激活脂质体药物递送技术的广度和深度。重点阐述了光激活脂质体的重复释放机制和应用，因为这种可重复性为药物递送系统提供了稳定性和精确控制，以防止抗菌药物过量并实现最小剂量治疗。我们描述了从临床前到临床转化的局限性以及克服这些局限性的策略。在选择和设计药物递送系统以实现成功应用时，仔细考虑光响应材料、脂质组成、激光参数和激光安全性非常重要。
