Zhang Qi, Guo Jiaxin, Huang Zihua, Mai Sui
Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510080, China.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Jul 12;15(14):4835. doi: 10.3390/ma15144835.
To observe ultrastructural changes during the process of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)-mediated intrafibrillar mineralization, we evaluated the biomimetic remineralization potential of CMC in type-I collagen fibrils and membranes, and further explored the bond strength as well as the bond interfacial integrity of the biomimetic remineralized artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD).
A mineralized solution containing 200 μg/mL CMC was used to induce type-I collagen biomimetic remineralization in ACAD, while traditional mineralization without CMC was used as a control. The process and pattern of mineralization were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) as well as structured illumination microscopy (SIM). The Vickers hardness test was used to quantify the dentin hardness, while the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test was used to assess the bond strength and durability. The bond interfacial integrity was evaluated by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM).
TEM, SEM, and SIM images showed that CMC had a positive effect on stabilizing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and promoting intrafibrillar mineralization, while extrafibrillar mineralization was formed without CMC. Furthermore, hardness evaluation and µTBS proved that CMC significantly increased dentin hardness and bond strength. CLSM indicated that CMC could create a significantly better bond interfacial integrity with less of a micro-gap in ACAD.
CMC possessed the ability to promote intrafibrillar mineralization and remineralization in demineralized caries dentin lesions, as well as improve bond performance, which implied its potential in carious dentin demineralization or dentin hypersensitivity and possibly even as a possible material for indirect pulp-capping, to deal with deep caries.
CMC possessed the ability to induce intrafibrillar mineralization effectively; the bond strength and bond durability of demineralized caries dentin were improved via CMC-induced remineralization; the CMC-induced remineralization complex is a potential material for indirect pulp-capping, to deal with deep caries.
为观察羧甲基壳聚糖（CMC）介导的纤维内矿化过程中的超微结构变化，我们评估了CMC在I型胶原纤维和膜中的仿生再矿化潜力，并进一步探究了仿生再矿化人工龋损牙本质（ACAD）的粘结强度及粘结界面完整性。
使用含200μg/mL CMC的矿化溶液诱导ACAD中I型胶原的仿生再矿化，同时将不含CMC的传统矿化作为对照。通过透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDS）以及结构照明显微镜（SIM）研究矿化过程和模式。采用维氏硬度测试量化牙本质硬度，采用微拉伸粘结强度（µTBS）测试评估粘结强度和耐久性。通过共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）评估粘结界面完整性。
TEM、SEM和SIM图像显示，CMC对稳定无定形磷酸钙（ACP）和促进纤维内矿化具有积极作用，而在无CMC的情况下形成了纤维外矿化。此外，硬度评估和µTBS证明CMC显著提高了牙本质硬度和粘结强度。CLSM表明，CMC能够在ACAD中形成明显更好的粘结界面完整性，且微间隙更小。
CMC具有促进脱矿龋损牙本质中纤维内矿化和再矿化的能力，以及改善粘结性能，这意味着它在龋损牙本质脱矿或牙本质过敏方面具有潜力，甚至可能作为间接盖髓材料来处理深龋。
CMC具有有效诱导纤维内矿化的能力；通过CMC诱导的再矿化提高了脱矿龋损牙本质的粘结强度和粘结耐久性；CMC诱导的再矿化复合物是处理深龋的间接盖髓潜在材料。
