Kargozar Saeid, Mollazadeh Sahar, Kermani Farzad, Webster Thomas J, Nazarnezhad Simin, Hamzehlou Sepideh, Baino Francesco
Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Azadi Square, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
J Funct Biomater. 2022 Jul 20;13(3):100. doi: 10.3390/jfb13030100.
Beyond their well-known applications in bone tissue engineering, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAp NPs) have also been showing great promise for improved cancer therapy. The chemical structure of HAp NPs offers excellent possibilities for loading and delivering a broad range of anticancer drugs in a sustained, prolonged, and targeted manner and thus eliciting lower complications than conventional chemotherapeutic strategies. The incorporation of specific therapeutic elements into the basic composition of HAp NPs is another approach, alone or synergistically with drug release, to provide advanced anticancer effects such as the capability to inhibit the growth and metastasis of cancer cells through activating specific cell signaling pathways. HAp NPs can be easily converted to smart anticancer agents by applying different surface modification treatments to facilitate the targeting and killing of cancer cells without significant adverse effects on normal healthy cells. The applications in cancer diagnosis for magnetic and nuclear in vivo imaging are also promising as the detection of solid tumor cells is now achievable by utilizing superparamagnetic HAp NPs. The ongoing research emphasizes the use of HAp NPs in fabricating three-dimensional scaffolds for the treatment of cancerous tissues or organs, promoting the regeneration of healthy tissue after cancer detection and removal. This review provides a summary of HAp NP applications in cancer theranostics, highlighting the current limitations and the challenges ahead for this field to open new avenues for research.
除了在骨组织工程中广为人知的应用外，羟基磷灰石纳米颗粒（HAp NPs）在改善癌症治疗方面也显示出巨大潜力。HAp NPs的化学结构为以持续、长效和靶向的方式负载和递送多种抗癌药物提供了绝佳可能性，因此与传统化疗策略相比，引发的并发症更少。将特定治疗元素纳入HAp NPs的基本组成是另一种方法，单独或与药物释放协同作用，以提供先进的抗癌效果，例如通过激活特定细胞信号通路来抑制癌细胞生长和转移的能力。通过应用不同的表面修饰处理，HAp NPs可以轻松转化为智能抗癌剂，以促进对癌细胞的靶向和杀伤，而对正常健康细胞没有明显的不良影响。在癌症诊断中用于体内磁性和核成像的应用也很有前景，因为现在利用超顺磁性HAp NPs可以实现实体瘤细胞的检测。正在进行的研究强调了HAp NPs在制造用于治疗癌组织或器官的三维支架方面的应用，促进癌症检测和切除后健康组织的再生。本综述总结了HAp NPs在癌症诊疗中的应用，突出了当前的局限性以及该领域未来面临的挑战，为新的研究途径开辟道路。
