Reddy G Kiran Kumar, Padmavathi Alwar Ramanujam, Nancharaiah Y V
Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India.
Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India.
Curr Res Microb Sci. 2022 Apr 27;3:100137. doi: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100137. eCollection 2022.
Increasing incidence of fungal infections of recent times requires immediate intervention. Fungal infections are seldom construed at initial stages that intensify the severity of infections and complicate the treatment procedures. Fungal pathogens employ various mechanisms to evade the host immune system and to progress the severity of infections. For the treatment of diverse superficial and systemic infections, antifungal drugs from the available repertoire are administered. However, well documented evidence of fungal resistance to most of the antifungal drugs hampers disease control and poses challenges in antifungal therapy. Several physiological adaptations and genetic mutations followed by their selection in presence of antifungal agents drive the resistance development in fungi. The availability of limited antifungal arsenal, emergence of resistance and biofilm-conferred resistance drives the need for development of novel drugs and alternate approaches for the better treatment outcome against mycoses. This graphical review explicitly shed light on various fungal infections and causative organisms, pathogenesis, different antifungal drugs and resistance mechanisms including host immune response and evasion strategies. Here, we have highlighted recent developments on novel antifungal agents and other alternate approaches for fighting against fungal infections.
近年来真菌感染发病率的上升需要立即采取干预措施。真菌感染在初始阶段很少被识别，这加剧了感染的严重程度并使治疗程序复杂化。真菌病原体采用各种机制来逃避宿主免疫系统并加重感染的严重程度。为了治疗各种浅表和全身感染，会使用现有药物库中的抗真菌药物。然而，有充分记录的证据表明真菌对大多数抗真菌药物具有耐药性，这阻碍了疾病控制并对抗真菌治疗提出了挑战。真菌在抗真菌剂存在的情况下发生的几种生理适应和基因突变及其选择推动了真菌耐药性的发展。抗真菌药物库有限、耐药性的出现以及生物膜赋予的耐药性促使人们需要开发新药和采用替代方法，以更好地治疗真菌病。这篇图文综述明确阐述了各种真菌感染及其致病生物、发病机制、不同的抗真菌药物和耐药机制，包括宿主免疫反应和逃避策略。在此，我们重点介绍了新型抗真菌药物和其他对抗真菌感染的替代方法的最新进展。
