Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics, Syddansk Universitet, Odense, Denmark
Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics, Syddansk Universitet, Odense, Denmark.
BMJ Open. 2022 Aug 2;12(8):e059964. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059964.
To measure sex differences in lifespan based on the probability of males to outlive females.
International comparison of national and regional sex-specific life tables from the Human Mortality Database and the World Population Prospects.
199 populations spanning all continents, between 1751 and 2020.
We used the outsurvival statistic ( φ ) to measure inequality in lifespan between sexes, which is interpreted here as the probability of males to outlive females.
In random pairs of one male and one female at age 0, the probability of the male outliving the female varies between 25% and 50% for life tables in almost all years since 1751 and across almost all populations. We show that φ is negatively correlated with sex differences in life expectancy and positively correlated with the level of lifespan variation. The important reduction of lifespan inequality observed in recent years has made it less likely for a male to outlive a female.
Although male life expectancy is generally lower than female life expectancy, and male death rates are usually higher at all ages, males have a substantial chance of outliving females. These findings challenge the general impression that 'men do not live as long as women' and reveal a more nuanced inequality in lifespans between females and males.
基于男性超越女性的生存概率，衡量寿命方面的性别差异。
对来自人类死亡率数据库和世界人口展望的国际比较，国家和区域性别特定生命表进行分析。
跨越所有大陆的 199 个人群，时间范围为 1751 年至 2020 年。
我们使用超生存统计量（φ）来衡量性别间寿命不平等，此处解释为男性超越女性的生存概率。
在 0 岁的男女随机配对中，1751 年以来几乎所有年份和几乎所有人群的生命表中，男性超越女性的概率在 25%至 50%之间。我们表明，φ 与预期寿命方面的性别差异呈负相关，与寿命变化水平呈正相关。近年来，寿命不平等的显著减少使得男性超越女性的可能性降低。
尽管男性的预期寿命普遍低于女性，且各年龄段的男性死亡率通常更高，但男性超越女性的机会仍然很大。这些发现挑战了“男性寿命不如女性长”的普遍印象，并揭示了女性和男性之间更微妙的寿命不平等。
