Ding M, Zheng Y, Liu F, Tian F, Ross R P, Stanton C, Yu R, Zhao J, Zhang H, Yang B, Chen W
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China P.R.
School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122 Jiangsu, China P.R.
Benef Microbes. 2022 Oct 4;13(4):319-330. doi: 10.3920/BM2021.0119. Epub 2022 Aug 18.
Human breast milk is a source of microorganisms for infants that play an important role in building infant gut health and immunity. The bacterial composition in human breast milk is influenced by lactation time. This study aimed to investigate the influence of lactation time on bacteria in breast milk at the genus level and the species levels of and on days 2-4, 8, 14, and 30. Eighteen individuals were recruited and 60 milk samples were collected. The 16S rRNA gene, and the bifidobacterial and lactobacilli genes were used for amplicon sequencing. The results revealed that the alpha diversities of colostrum and transition 1 (day 8) milk were lower than that of transition 2 (day 14) and mature milk. PCoA analysis showed that bacterial composition in colostrum and transition 1 milk differed from transition 2 and mature milk. A lower relative abundance of was found in colostrum and transition 1 milk compared with mature milk and lower abundances of , and were found in transition 1 compared with mature milk. , and were the predominant species across all four lactation stages, while was lower in transition 1, and and were higher in transition 1 milk. This study indicated that the bacterial composition in colostrum was more similar to that of transition 1 milk, whereas the bacterial community in transition 2 milk was similar to that of mature milk which suggests that bacterial composition in human breast milk shows stage-specific signatures even within a short period at both genus level and and species levels, providing insights into probiotic supplementation for the nursing mother.
人乳是婴儿微生物的一个来源，这些微生物在构建婴儿肠道健康和免疫力方面发挥着重要作用。人乳中的细菌组成受泌乳时间的影响。本研究旨在调查泌乳时间对第2 - 4天、第8天、第14天和第30天母乳中属水平以及双歧杆菌属和乳杆菌属物种水平细菌的影响。招募了18名个体并收集了60份乳汁样本。使用16S rRNA基因、双歧杆菌属和乳杆菌属基因进行扩增子测序。结果显示，初乳和过渡乳1（第8天）乳汁的α多样性低于过渡乳2（第14天）和成熟乳。主坐标分析表明，初乳和过渡乳1中的细菌组成与过渡乳2和成熟乳不同。与成熟乳相比，初乳和过渡乳1中双歧杆菌属的相对丰度较低，与成熟乳相比，过渡乳1中嗜热栖热菌属、嗜热栖热菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的丰度较低。双歧杆菌属、嗜热栖热菌属和嗜酸乳杆菌是所有四个泌乳阶段的主要物种，而嗜热栖热菌在过渡乳1中含量较低，嗜热栖热菌和嗜酸乳杆菌在过渡乳1乳汁中含量较高。本研究表明，初乳中的细菌组成与过渡乳1更为相似，而过渡乳2中的细菌群落与成熟乳相似，这表明即使在短时间内，人乳中的细菌组成在属水平以及双歧杆菌属和乳杆菌属物种水平上都呈现出阶段特异性特征，为哺乳期母亲的益生菌补充提供了见解。
