Worrell Ernst, Boyd Gale
Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8A, 3584, CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Social Science Research Institute, Department of Economics, Duke University, 140 Science Drive, Durham, NC, USA.
J Clean Prod. 2022 Jan 1;330:1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129758.
The world needs to rapidly reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO) emission to stave off the risks of disastrous climate change. In particular, decarbonizing U.S. manufacturing industries is particularly challenging due to the specific process requirements. This study estimates the potential for future CO emission reductions in this important sector. The analysis is a detailed accounting exercise that relies on estimates of emission-reduction potential from other studies and applies those potentials to the manufacturing sector using a bottom-up approach. The actions are grouped into four "pillars" that support deep decarbonization of manufacturing (DDM): Energy Efficiency, Material Efficiency, Industry-Specific, and Power Grid. Based on this bottom-up approach, the analysis shows that an 86% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from the Reference Case is feasible. No single pillar dominates DDM, although opportunities vary widely by sub-sector. The analysis shows that a strategy incorporating a broad set of elements from each pillar can be effective instead of relying on any single pillar. Some pillars, such as Energy Efficiency and Material Efficiency, have wide applicability; others have key niche roles that are Industry-Specific; the Power Grid pillar requires interaction between grid decarbonization and industry action to switch from fossil fuels to zero-carbon electricity where appropriate.
世界需要迅速减少二氧化碳（CO）排放，以避免灾难性气候变化的风险。特别是，由于特定的工艺要求，美国制造业的脱碳尤其具有挑战性。本研究估计了这一重要部门未来二氧化碳减排的潜力。该分析是一项详细的核算工作，它依赖于其他研究的减排潜力估计，并采用自下而上的方法将这些潜力应用于制造业。这些行动被分为支持制造业深度脱碳（DDM）的四个“支柱”：能源效率、材料效率、特定行业和电网。基于这种自下而上的方法，分析表明，与参考案例相比，将二氧化碳排放量减少86%是可行的。虽然各子行业的机会差异很大，但没有一个支柱能主导DDM。分析表明，采用包含每个支柱中一系列广泛要素的战略可能会有效，而不是依赖任何单一支柱。一些支柱，如能源效率和材料效率，具有广泛的适用性；其他支柱则具有特定行业的关键利基作用；电网支柱需要电网脱碳与行业行动之间的相互作用，以便在适当的情况下从化石燃料转向零碳电力。
