Steigerwald Emma, Ramírez-Castañeda Valeria, Brandt Débora Y C, Báldi András, Shapiro Julie Teresa, Bowker Lynne, Tarvin Rebecca D
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States.
Centre for Ecological Research, Vácrátót, Hungary.
Bioscience. 2022 Aug 3;72(10):988-998. doi: 10.1093/biosci/biac062. eCollection 2022 Oct.
Having a central scientific language remains crucial for advancing and globally sharing science. Nevertheless, maintaining one dominant language also creates barriers to accessing scientific careers and knowledge. From an interdisciplinary perspective, we describe how, when, and why to make scientific literature more readily available in multiple languages through the practice of translation. We broadly review the advantages and limitations of neural machine translation systems and propose that translation can serve as both a short- and a long-term solution for making science more resilient, accessible, globally representative, and impactful beyond the academy. We outline actions that individuals and institutions can take to support multilingual science and scientists, including structural changes that encourage and value translating scientific literature. In the long term, improvements to machine translation technologies and collective efforts to change academic norms can transform a monolingual scientific hub into a multilingual scientific network. Translations are available in the supplemental material.
拥有一种核心科学语言对于推动科学发展和在全球范围内分享科学成果仍然至关重要。然而，维持一种主导语言也会对进入科学领域和获取科学知识造成障碍。从跨学科的角度，我们描述了如何、何时以及为何通过翻译实践使科学文献更易于以多种语言获取。我们广泛回顾了神经机器翻译系统的优点和局限性，并提出翻译可以作为一种短期和长期的解决方案，使科学更具韧性、更易获取、更具全球代表性，并在学术界之外产生更大影响。我们概述了个人和机构可以采取的支持多语言科学和科学家的行动，包括鼓励和重视翻译科学文献的结构性变革。从长远来看，机器翻译技术的改进以及改变学术规范的集体努力可以将单一语言的科学中心转变为多语言的科学网络。补充材料中提供了翻译内容。
