Mancilla-De-la-Cruz Jessica, Rodriguez-Salvador Marisela, An Jia, Chua Chee Kai
Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
Int J Bioprint. 2022 Oct 20;8(4):622. doi: 10.18063/ijb.v8i4.622. eCollection 2022.
Since the 1930s, new methods of drug delivery, such as implantable devices with drug release control, have been developed. However, manufacturing techniques require bulk due to high initial production costs. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, also known as additive manufacturing or rapid prototyping, allows the fabrication of personalized drug delivery that uses different materials and complex geometries with multiple release profiles, thereby eradicating high initial costs. Different studies have been developed showing the extensive potential of 3D printing for the pharmaceutical industry, and despite in-depth discussions that have been published, there is no comprehensive review of processes, materials, and effects in drug delivery applications thus far. This review aims to fill this gap by presenting the use of 3D printing technology for drug delivery, exposing the different variations of the technique according to the characteristics, material, and dosage form sought. There are seven main categories of 3D printing according to the standards jointly developed by International Organization for Standardization and American Society for Testing and Materials: material jetting, binder jetting, material extrusion, vat photopolymerization, powder bed fusion, sheet lamination, and directed energy deposition. There are different 3D fabrication processes used for drug delivery applications depending on the dosage form and material applied. In this context, polymers, glasses, and hydrogels represent the most frequent materials used. 3D printing allows different forms of drug dosage. Oral, topical, rectal and vaginal, parental and implantable are discussed in this paper, presenting the identification of the type of 3D printing technology, the active pharmaceutical ingredient, formulation, and pharmaceutical effect. The main aim of this paper is to offer insights to people from academy and industry who are interested in the advancement of drug delivery and in knowing the future directions in the development of 3D printing applications in this area.
自20世纪30年代以来，已开发出药物递送的新方法，如具有药物释放控制功能的可植入装置。然而，由于初始生产成本高，制造技术需要大量投入。三维（3D）打印，也称为增材制造或快速成型，能够制造个性化的药物递送产品，这些产品使用不同的材料和具有多种释放曲线的复杂几何形状，从而消除了高昂的初始成本。已开展了不同的研究，显示出3D打印在制药行业具有广泛的潜力，尽管已经发表了深入的讨论，但迄今为止，尚未对药物递送应用中的工艺、材料和效果进行全面综述。本综述旨在填补这一空白，介绍3D打印技术在药物递送中的应用，根据所需的特性、材料和剂型揭示该技术的不同变体。根据国际标准化组织和美国材料与试验协会联合制定的标准，3D打印主要有七大类：材料喷射、粘结剂喷射、材料挤出、光聚合反应、粉末床熔融、薄片层压和定向能量沉积。根据所应用的剂型和材料，用于药物递送应用的3D制造工艺也有所不同。在这种情况下，聚合物、玻璃和水凝胶是最常用的材料。3D打印允许不同形式的药物剂型。本文讨论了口服、局部、直肠和阴道、肠胃外和可植入剂型，介绍了3D打印技术类型、活性药物成分、制剂和药物效果的识别。本文的主要目的是为对药物递送进展感兴趣并想了解该领域3D打印应用未来发展方向的学术界和工业界人士提供见解。
