Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Nov 16;23(22):14129. doi: 10.3390/ijms232214129.
In recent years, interest in non-coding RNAs as important physiological regulators has grown significantly. Their participation in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases is extremely important. Circular RNA (circRNA) has been shown to be important in the development of heart failure. CircRNA is a closed circular structure of non-coding RNA fragments. They are formed in the nucleus, from where they are transported to the cytoplasm in a still unclear mechanism. They are mainly located in the cytoplasm or contained in exosomes. CircRNA expression varies according to the type of tissue. In the brain, almost 12% of genes produce circRNA, while in the heart it is only 9%. Recent studies indicate a key role of circRNA in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, autophagy and apoptosis. CircRNAs act mainly by interacting with miRNAs through a "sponge effect" mechanism. The involvement of circRNA in the development of heart failure leads to the suggestion that they may be promising biomarkers and useful targets in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will provide a brief introduction to circRNA and up-to-date understanding of their role in the mechanisms leading to the development of heart failure.
近年来，人们对非编码 RNA 作为重要生理调节剂的兴趣显著增加。它们在心血管疾病的病理生理学中的参与极其重要。环状 RNA（circRNA）已被证明在心力衰竭的发展中很重要。circRNA 是一种非编码 RNA 片段的封闭环状结构。它们在核内形成，然后通过一种仍不清楚的机制被运送到细胞质中。它们主要位于细胞质中或包含在外泌体中。circRNA 的表达根据组织类型而变化。在大脑中，几乎 12%的基因产生 circRNA，而在心脏中只有 9%。最近的研究表明，circRNA 在心肌细胞肥大、纤维化、自噬和凋亡中起关键作用。circRNA 主要通过与 miRNA 相互作用的“海绵效应”机制发挥作用。circRNA 参与心力衰竭的发展导致人们提出它们可能是有前途的生物标志物和心血管疾病治疗的有用靶点。在这篇综述中，我们将简要介绍 circRNA，并最新了解它们在导致心力衰竭发展的机制中的作用。
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