Mindscope Program, Allen Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.
J Physiol. 2023 Aug;601(15):3123-3139. doi: 10.1113/JP284030. Epub 2023 Jan 17.
The Hodgkin-Huxley model of action potential generation and propagation, published in the Journal of Physiology in 1952, initiated the field of biophysically detailed computational modelling in neuroscience, which has expanded to encompass a variety of species and components of the nervous system. Here we review the developments in this area with a focus on efforts in the community towards modelling the mammalian neocortex using spatially extended conductance-based neuronal models. The Hodgkin-Huxley formalism and related foundational contributions, such as Rall's cable theory, remain widely used in these efforts to the current day. We argue that at present the field is undergoing a qualitative change due to new very rich datasets describing the composition, connectivity and functional activity of cortical circuits, which are being integrated systematically into large-scale network models. This trend, combined with the accelerating development of convenient software tools supporting such complex modelling projects, is giving rise to highly detailed models of the cortex that are extensively constrained by the data, enabling computational investigation of a multitude of questions about cortical structure and function.
《生理学杂志》于 1952 年发表的 Hodgkin-Huxley 动作电位产生和传播模型，开创了神经科学中生物物理详细计算建模领域，该领域已经扩展到包括各种物种和神经系统的组成部分。在这里，我们重点介绍该领域的发展，以及社区在使用基于空间扩展电导的神经元模型对哺乳动物新皮层进行建模方面的努力。Hodgkin-Huxley 形式主义和相关的基础贡献，如 Rall 的电缆理论，至今仍在这些努力中被广泛使用。我们认为，目前由于新的非常丰富的数据集描述了皮质回路的组成、连接和功能活动，该领域正在发生质的变化，这些数据集正被系统地整合到大规模网络模型中。这种趋势，加上方便的软件工具的加速发展，这些工具支持这种复杂的建模项目，正在产生高度详细的皮层模型，这些模型受到数据的广泛约束，从而能够对皮层结构和功能的大量问题进行计算研究。
