Department of Microbiology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023 Mar;21(3):178-194. doi: 10.1038/s41579-022-00839-1. Epub 2023 Jan 11.
SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has been associated with substantial global morbidity and mortality. Despite a tropism that is largely confined to the airways, COVID-19 is associated with multiorgan dysfunction and long-term cognitive pathologies. A major driver of this biology stems from the combined effects of virus-mediated interference with the host antiviral defences in infected cells and the sensing of pathogen-associated material by bystander cells. Such a dynamic results in delayed induction of type I and III interferons (IFN-I and IFN-III) at the site of infection, but systemic IFN-I and IFN-III priming in distal organs and barrier epithelial surfaces, respectively. In this Review, we examine the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 biology and the cellular response to infection, detailing how antagonism and dysregulation of host innate immune defences contribute to disease severity of COVID-19.
导致 COVID-19 大流行的 SARS-CoV-2 病毒与大量全球发病率和死亡率相关。尽管其主要趋向于气道,但 COVID-19 与多器官功能障碍和长期认知病理学相关。这种生物学的一个主要驱动因素源自病毒介导的对感染细胞中宿主抗病毒防御的干扰以及旁观者细胞对病原体相关物质的感知的联合作用。这种动态导致在感染部位延迟诱导 I 型和 III 型干扰素(IFN-I 和 IFN-III),但分别在远处器官和屏障上皮表面进行全身性 IFN-I 和 IFN-III 启动。在这篇综述中,我们研究了 SARS-CoV-2 生物学与细胞对感染的反应之间的关系,详细说明了宿主先天免疫防御的拮抗和失调如何导致 COVID-19 的疾病严重程度。