Jalilinejad Negin, Rabiee Mohammad, Baheiraei Nafiseh, Ghahremanzadeh Ramin, Salarian Reza, Rabiee Navid, Akhavan Omid, Zarrintaj Payam, Hejna Aleksander, Saeb Mohammad Reza, Zarrabi Ali, Sharifi Esmaeel, Yousefiasl Satar, Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh
Biomaterial Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran.
Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran.
Bioeng Transl Med. 2022 Jun 21;8(1):e10347. doi: 10.1002/btm2.10347. eCollection 2023 Jan.
A proper self-regenerating capability is lacking in human cardiac tissue which along with the alarming rate of deaths associated with cardiovascular disorders makes tissue engineering critical. Novel approaches are now being investigated in order to speedily overcome the challenges in this path. Tissue engineering has been revolutionized by the advent of nanomaterials, and later by the application of carbon-based nanomaterials because of their exceptional variable functionality, conductivity, and mechanical properties. Electrically conductive biomaterials used as cell bearers provide the tissue with an appropriate microenvironment for the specific seeded cells as substrates for the sake of protecting cells in biological media against attacking mechanisms. Nevertheless, their advantages and shortcoming in view of cellular behavior, toxicity, and targeted delivery depend on the tissue in which they are implanted or being used as a scaffold. This review seeks to address, summarize, classify, conceptualize, and discuss the use of carbon-based nanoparticles in cardiac tissue engineering emphasizing their conductivity. We considered electrical conductivity as a key affecting the regeneration of cells. Correspondingly, we reviewed conductive polymers used in tissue engineering and specifically in cardiac repair as key biomaterials with high efficiency. We comprehensively classified and discussed the advantages of using conductive biomaterials in cardiac tissue engineering. An overall review of the open literature on electroactive substrates including carbon-based biomaterials over the last decade was provided, tabulated, and thoroughly discussed. The most commonly used conductive substrates comprising graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers in cardiac repair were studied.
人类心脏组织缺乏适当的自我再生能力，再加上与心血管疾病相关的惊人死亡率，使得组织工程变得至关重要。目前正在研究新的方法，以便迅速克服这条道路上的挑战。纳米材料的出现彻底改变了组织工程，后来由于碳基纳米材料具有特殊的可变功能、导电性和机械性能，其应用进一步推动了组织工程的发展。用作细胞载体的导电生物材料为特定接种细胞提供了合适的微环境，作为底物，以保护生物介质中的细胞免受攻击机制的影响。然而，它们在细胞行为、毒性和靶向递送方面的优点和缺点取决于它们所植入的组织或用作支架的组织。本综述旨在阐述、总结、分类、概念化并讨论碳基纳米颗粒在心脏组织工程中的应用，重点强调其导电性。我们将电导率视为影响细胞再生的关键因素。相应地，我们回顾了用于组织工程特别是心脏修复的导电聚合物，它们是具有高效性的关键生物材料。我们全面分类并讨论了在心脏组织工程中使用导电生物材料的优点。提供了过去十年中关于包括碳基生物材料在内的电活性基质的公开文献的全面综述，并制成表格进行了深入讨论。研究了心脏修复中最常用的导电基质，包括石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、碳纳米管和碳纳米纤维。
