Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Adv Mater. 2024 Mar;36(10):e2211041. doi: 10.1002/adma.202211041. Epub 2023 Feb 17.
"Nanozyme" is used to describe various catalysts from immobilized inorganic metal complexes, immobilized enzymes to inorganic nanoparticles. Here, the history of nanozymes is dvescribed in detail, and they can be largely separated into two types. Type 1 nanozymes refer to immobilized catalysts or enzymes on nanomaterials, which were dominant in the first decade since 2004. Type 2 nanozymes, which rely on the surface catalytic properties of inorganic nanomaterials, are the dominating type in the past decade. The definition of nanozymes is evolving, and a definition based on the same substrates and products as enzymes are able to cover most currently claimed nanozymes, although they may have different mechanisms compared to their enzyme counterparts. A broader definition can inspire application-based research to replace enzymes with nanomaterials for analytical, environmental, and biomedical applications. Comparison with enzymes also requires a clear definition of a nanozyme unit. Four ways of defining a nanozyme unit are described, with iron oxide and horseradish peroxidase activity comparison as examples in each definition. Growing work is devoted to understanding the catalytic mechanism of nanozymes, which provides a basis for further rational engineering of active sites. Finally, future perspective of the nanozyme field is discussed.
“纳米酶”被用来描述各种催化剂，包括固定化无机金属配合物、固定化酶和无机纳米粒子。本文详细描述了纳米酶的历史，可以将其大致分为两类。第一类纳米酶是指固定在纳米材料上的催化剂或酶，这类纳米酶在 2004 年之后的第一个十年占据主导地位。第二类纳米酶则依赖于无机纳米材料的表面催化特性，是过去十年中的主导类型。纳米酶的定义在不断发展，基于与酶相同的底物和产物的定义能够涵盖大多数目前声称的纳米酶，尽管它们的机制可能与酶的对应物不同。更广泛的定义可以激发基于应用的研究，用纳米材料替代酶，用于分析、环境和生物医学应用。与酶的比较也需要对纳米酶单元进行明确的定义。本文描述了四种定义纳米酶单元的方法，并以氧化铁和辣根过氧化物酶活性的比较为例进行了说明。越来越多的工作致力于理解纳米酶的催化机制，这为进一步合理设计活性位点提供了基础。最后，本文讨论了纳米酶领域的未来展望。
