Xia Weiyao, Yang Renjie, Zong Yuan, Yang Yichun, Xie Zhuojun, Chi Ting, Shi Bing, Gong Caixia, Huang Hanyao
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Eastern Clinic, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610051, China.
J Clin Med. 2023 Feb 8;12(4):1366. doi: 10.3390/jcm12041366.
(1) Objectives: To investigate the difference in prevalence of depression between patients with CL/P (cleft lip and/or palate) and analyze the possible demographic factors that affect the prevalence of depression in Chinese patients with CL/P. (2) Methods: Patients with CL (cleft lip only), CP (cleft palate), and CLP (cleft lip and palate) were included in the study group. Non-CL/P individuals were included in the control group. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to screen the depression of Chinese patients with CL/P. The different proportions of different depression groups between the CL/P group and the control groups were tested by the Fisher-Freeman-Halton test and Bonferroni correction. The scores between the study groups and the control group were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. In the study groups, demographic and clinical data of the patients, including diagnosis (CL, CP, CLP), gender, age, the only child or not, and region were collected to analyze whether they were the possible factors affecting depression through one-way independent-samples -test. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between monthly family income and depression. (3) Results: 111 and 80 valid questionnaires were collected from the study and control groups, respectively. The mean PHQ-9 score of the study group (5.459 ± 6.082) was relatively higher than the control group (4.362 ± 3.384), and the difference in proportions of depression groups was statistically significant between the CL/P group and the control group ( = 0.01), especially in the mild depression ( < 0.05) and moderately severe depression groups ( < 0.05). Statistically significant differences in PHQ-9 scores were observed between the individuals of different genders ( = 0.036) and ages ( = 0.007) in patients with CL/P, the individuals who were the only child or not in patients with CL ( = 0.007), and the individuals of different ages in patients with CP ( = 0.016). (4) Conclusions: The prevalence of depression in Chinese patients with CL/P was different compared with those without CL/P, while gender, age, the only child or not, and region played significant roles in affecting depression psychology.
(1) 目的：调查唇腭裂（CL/P）患者中抑郁症患病率的差异，并分析影响中国唇腭裂患者抑郁症患病率的可能人口统计学因素。(2) 方法：研究组纳入唇裂（CL，仅唇裂）、腭裂（CP）和唇腭裂（CLP）患者。对照组纳入非唇腭裂个体。采用患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）对中国唇腭裂患者的抑郁情况进行筛查。通过Fisher-Freeman-Halton检验和Bonferroni校正检验唇腭裂组与对照组不同抑郁组的比例差异。通过单因素方差分析研究组与对照组之间的得分情况。在研究组中，收集患者的人口统计学和临床数据，包括诊断（CL、CP、CLP）、性别、年龄、是否为独生子女以及地区，通过单因素独立样本t检验分析它们是否为影响抑郁的可能因素。采用Pearson相关分析分析家庭月收入与抑郁之间的相关性。(3) 结果：研究组和对照组分别收集到111份和80份有效问卷。研究组的平均PHQ-9得分（5.459±6.082）相对高于对照组（4.362±3.384），唇腭裂组与对照组抑郁组比例差异具有统计学意义（P = 0.01），尤其是在轻度抑郁（P < 0.05）和中度重度抑郁组（P < 0.05）。唇腭裂患者中不同性别（P = 0.036）和年龄（P = 0.007）个体的PHQ-9得分存在统计学显著差异，唇裂患者中是否为独生子女的个体（P = 0.007）以及腭裂患者中不同年龄的个体（P = 0.016）也存在统计学显著差异。(4) 结论：中国唇腭裂患者的抑郁症患病率与非唇腭裂患者不同，而性别、年龄、是否为独生子女以及地区在影响抑郁心理方面发挥着重要作用。
