Song Yanjun, Chang Zhen'ge, Cui Kongyong, Song Chenxi, Cai Zhongxing, Shi Boqun, Dong Qiuting, Dou Kefei
Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Cardiometabolic Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
Front Nutr. 2023 Mar 14;10:1129667. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1129667. eCollection 2023.
The Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) has been regarded as a novel healthy dietary pattern with huge benefits. However, its value in preventing and treating hypertension has not been investigated. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of adhering to the MIND diet on the prevalence of hypertension in the entire population and long-term mortality in hypertensive patients.
In this cross-sectional and longitudinal study, 6,887 participants consisting of 2,984 hypertensive patients in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys were analyzed and divided into 3 groups according to the MIND diet scores (MDS; groups of MDS-low [<7.5], MDS-medium [7.5-8.0] and MDS-high [≥8.5]). In the longitudinal analysis, the primary outcome was all-cause death and the secondary outcome was cardiovascular (CV) death. Hypertensive patients received a follow-up with a mean time of 9.25 years (median time: 111.1 months, range 2 to 120 months). Multivariate logistics regression models and Cox proportional hazards models were applicated to estimate the association between MDS and outcomes. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to estimate the dose-response relationship.
Compared with the MDS-low group, participants in the MDS-high group presented a significantly lower prevalence of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.58, 0.97, = 0.040) and decreased levels of systolic blood pressure ( = -0.41, = 0.033). Among hypertensive patients, 787 (26.4%) all-cause death consisting of 293 (9.8%) CV deaths were recorded during a 10-year follow-up. Hypertensive patients in the MDS-high group presented a significantly lower prevalence of ASCVD (OR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.51, 0.97, = 0.043), and lower risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.58, 0.81, < 0.001) and CV death (HR = 0.62, 95% CI, 0.46, 0.85, for trend = 0.001) when compared with those in the MDS-low group.
For the first time, this study revealed the values of the MIND diet in the primary and secondary prevention of hypertension, suggesting the MIND diet as a novel anti-hypertensive dietary pattern.
地中海饮食延缓神经退行性变的高血压防治法（MIND）被视为一种具有诸多益处的新型健康饮食模式。然而，其在预防和治疗高血压方面的价值尚未得到研究。本研究的目的是探讨坚持MIND饮食对全人群高血压患病率以及高血压患者长期死亡率的影响。
在这项横断面和纵向研究中，对美国国家健康与营养检查调查中的6887名参与者（包括2984名高血压患者）进行了分析，并根据MIND饮食评分（MDS；MDS低分组[<7.5]、MDS中分组[7.5 - 8.0]和MDS高分组[≥8.5]）分为3组。在纵向分析中，主要结局是全因死亡，次要结局是心血管（CV）死亡。高血压患者接受了平均9.25年（中位时间：111.1个月，范围2至120个月）的随访。应用多变量逻辑回归模型和Cox比例风险模型来估计MDS与结局之间的关联。使用受限立方样条（RCS）来估计剂量反应关系。
与MDS低分组相比，MDS高分组参与者的高血压患病率显著更低（优势比[OR] 0.76，95%置信区间[CI] 0.58，0.97，P = 0.040），收缩压水平降低（P = -0.41，P = 0.033）。在高血压患者中，在10年随访期间记录了787例（26.4%）全因死亡，其中包括293例（9.8%）CV死亡。与MDS低分组相比，MDS高分组的高血压患者动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）患病率显著更低（OR = 0.71，95% CI，0.51，0.97，P = 0.043），全因死亡风险更低（风险比[HR] = 0.69，95% CI，0.58，0.81，P < 0.001）以及CV死亡风险更低（HR = 0.62，95% CI，0.46，0.85，趋势P = 0.001）。
本研究首次揭示了MIND饮食在高血压一级和二级预防中的价值，表明MIND饮食是一种新型的抗高血压饮食模式。
