Varghese Lijo N, Schwenke Daryl O, Katare Rajesh
Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Mar 22;10:1142575. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1142575. eCollection 2023.
The global population is estimated to reach 9.8 billion by 2050, of which 2.1 billion will comprise individuals above 60 years of age. As the number of elderly is estimated to double from 2017, it is a victory of the modern healthcare system but also worrisome as ageing, and the onset of chronic disease are correlated. Among other chronic conditions, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the aged population. While the underlying cause of the age-associated development of CVDs is not fully understood, studies indicate the role of non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lnc-RNAs) in the development of age-associated CVDs. miRNAs and lnc-RNAs are non-coding RNAs which control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The expression of specific miRNAs and lnc-RNAs are reportedly dysregulated with age, leading to cardiovascular system changes and ultimately causing CVDs. Since miRNAs and lnc-RNAs play several vital roles in maintaining the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, they are also being explored for their therapeutic potential as a treatment for CVDs. This review will first explore the pathophysiological changes associated with ageing. Next, we will review the known mechanisms underlying the development of CVD in ageing with a specific focus on miRNA and lnc-RNAs. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic options and future challenges towards healthy cardiac ageing. With the global ageing population on the rise, this review will provide a fundamental understanding of some of the underlying molecular mechanisms of cardiac ageing.
据估计，到2050年全球人口将达到98亿，其中60岁以上的人口将有21亿。由于预计老年人口数量将从2017年开始翻倍，这是现代医疗保健系统的一项成就，但也令人担忧，因为衰老与慢性病的发生相关。在其他慢性病中，心血管疾病（CVD）是老年人口的主要死因。虽然与年龄相关的心血管疾病发展的根本原因尚未完全了解，但研究表明非编码RNA，如微小RNA（miRNA）和长链非编码RNA（lnc-RNA）在与年龄相关的心血管疾病发展中起作用。miRNA和lnc-RNA是在转录后水平控制基因表达的非编码RNA。据报道，特定miRNA和lnc-RNA的表达会随着年龄增长而失调，导致心血管系统变化并最终引发心血管疾病。由于miRNA和lnc-RNA在维持心血管系统正常功能方面发挥着多种重要作用，它们作为心血管疾病治疗方法的治疗潜力也正在被探索。本综述将首先探讨与衰老相关的病理生理变化。接下来，我们将回顾衰老过程中心血管疾病发展的已知机制，特别关注miRNA和lnc-RNA。最后，我们将讨论健康心脏衰老的治疗选择和未来挑战。随着全球老龄化人口的增加，本综述将提供对心脏衰老一些潜在分子机制的基本理解。
