Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Sharqia, Egypt.
BMC Plant Biol. 2023 Apr 11;23(1):193. doi: 10.1186/s12870-023-04196-w.
Wheat is a major cereal that can narrow the gap between the increasing human population and food production. In this connection, assessing genetic diversity and conserving wheat genetic resources for future exploitation is very important for breeding new cultivars that may withstand the expected climate change. The current study evaluates the genetic diversity in selected wheat cultivars using ISSR and SCoT markers, the rbcL and matK chloroplast DNA barcoding, and grain surface sculpture characteristics. We anticipate that these objectives may prioritize using the selected cultivars to improve wheat production. The selected collection of cultivars may lead to the identification of cultivars adapted to a broad spectrum of climatic environments.
Multivariate clustering analyses of the ISSR and SCoT DNA fingerprinting polymorphism grouped three Egyptian cultivars with cultivar El-Nielain from Sudan, cultivar Aguilal from Morocco, and cultivar Attila from Mexico. In the other group, cultivar Cook from Australia and cultivar Chinese-166 were differentiated from four other cultivars: cultivar Cham-10 from Syria, cultivar Seri-82 from Mexico, cultivar Inqalab-91 from Pakistan, and cultivar Sonalika from India. In the PCA analysis, the Egyptian cultivars were distinct from the other studied cultivars. The rbcL and matK sequence variation analysis indicated similarities between Egyptian cultivars and cultivar Cham-10 from Syria and cultivar Inqalab-91 from Pakistan, whereas cultivar Attila from Mexico was distinguished from all other cultivars. Combining the data of ISSR and SCoT with the rbcL and matK results retained the close resemblance among the two Egyptian cultivars EGY1: Gemmeiza-9 and EGY3: Sakha-93, and the Moroccan cultivar Aguilal, and the Sudanese cultivar El-Nielain and between Seri-82, Inqalab-91, and Sonalika cultivars. The analysis of all data distinguished cultivar Cham-10 from Syria from all other cultivars, and the analysis of grain traits indicated a close resemblance between cv. Cham-10 from and the two Egyptian cultivars Gemmeiza-9 and Sakha-93.
The analysis of rbcL and matK chloroplast DNA barcoding agrees with the ISSR and the SCoT markers in supporting the close resemblance between the Egyptian cultivars, particularly Gemmeiza-9 and Sakha-93. The ISSR and SCoT data analyses significantly expressed high differentiation levels among the examined cultivars. Cultivars with closer resemblance may be recommended for breeding new wheat cultivars adapted to various climatic environments.
小麦是一种主要的谷类作物，可以缩小日益增长的人口和粮食生产之间的差距。在这方面，评估小麦遗传多样性和保护小麦遗传资源以用于未来的开发对于培育可能耐受预期气候变化的新品种非常重要。本研究使用 ISSR 和 SCoT 标记、rbcL 和 matK 叶绿体 DNA 条形码以及谷物表面形貌特征评估了选定小麦品种的遗传多样性。我们预计这些目标可以优先选择使用选定的品种来提高小麦产量。所选品种的收集可能导致鉴定出适应广泛气候环境的品种。
ISSR 和 SCoT DNA 指纹多态性的多元聚类分析将来自埃及的三个品种与来自苏丹的 El-Nielain 品种、来自摩洛哥的 Aguilal 品种和来自墨西哥的 Attila 品种聚类在一起。在另一个组中，来自澳大利亚的 Cook 品种和中国-166 品种与来自叙利亚的 Cham-10 品种、来自墨西哥的 Seri-82 品种、来自巴基斯坦的 Inqalab-91 品种和来自印度的 Sonalika 品种区分开来。在 PCA 分析中，埃及品种与其他研究品种明显不同。rbcL 和 matK 序列变异分析表明，埃及品种与来自叙利亚的 Cham-10 品种和来自巴基斯坦的 Inqalab-91 品种相似，而来自墨西哥的 Attila 品种与所有其他品种不同。将 ISSR 和 SCoT 数据与 rbcL 和 matK 结果相结合，保留了两个埃及品种 EGY1：Gemmeiza-9 和 EGY3：Sakha-93 与摩洛哥 Aguilal 品种以及苏丹 El-Nielain 品种和 Seri-82、Inqalab-91 和 Sonalika 品种之间的密切相似性。所有数据的分析将来自叙利亚的 Cham-10 品种与所有其他品种区分开来，谷物性状的分析表明，来自叙利亚的 Cham-10 品种与埃及的两个品种 Gemmeiza-9 和 Sakha-93 之间存在密切相似性。
rbcL 和 matK 叶绿体 DNA 条形码分析与 ISSR 和 SCoT 标记一致，支持埃及品种，特别是 Gemmeiza-9 和 Sakha-93 之间的密切相似性。ISSR 和 SCoT 数据分析显着表达了所检查品种之间的高度分化水平。具有更密切相似性的品种可能被推荐用于培育适应各种气候环境的新小麦品种。
