Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines - Manila, Manila, Philippines.
ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2023;85(6):312-320. doi: 10.1159/000530211. Epub 2023 Apr 14.
Definitions are essential for effective communication and discourse, particularly in science. They allow the shared understanding of a thought or idea, generalization of knowledge, and comparison across scientific investigation. The current terms describing olfactory dysfunction are vague and overlapping.
As a group of clinical olfactory researchers, we propose the standardization of the terms "dysosmia," "anosmia," "hyposmia," "normosmia," "hyperosmia," "olfactory intolerance," "parosmia," and "phantosmia" (or "olfactory hallucination") in olfaction-related communication, with specific definitions in this text.
The words included in this paper were determined as those which are most frequently used in the context of olfactory function and dysfunction, in both clinical and research settings. Despite widespread use in publications, however, there still exists some disagreement in the literature regarding the definitions of terms related to olfaction. Multiple overlapping and imprecise terms that are currently in use are confusing and hinder clarity and universal understanding of these concepts. There is a pressing need to have a unified agreement on the definitions of these olfactory terms by researchers working in the field of chemosensory sciences. With the increased interest in olfaction, precise use of these terms will improve the ability to integrate and advance knowledge in this field.
定义对于有效沟通和讨论至关重要，尤其是在科学领域。它们可以帮助人们共享思想或想法，概括知识，并在科学研究中进行比较。目前用于描述嗅觉功能障碍的术语模糊且重叠。
作为一组临床嗅觉研究人员，我们建议在与嗅觉相关的交流中标准化术语“dysosmia（嗅觉障碍）”、“anosmia（嗅觉缺失）”、“hyposmia（嗅觉减退）”、“normosmia（嗅觉正常）”、“hyperosmia（嗅觉过度）”、“olfactory intolerance（嗅觉过敏）”、“parosmia（幻嗅）”和“phantosmia（嗅觉幻觉）”，并在本文中给出具体定义。
本文中包含的词语是在临床和研究环境中与嗅觉功能和障碍相关的最常用词语。然而，尽管在文献中广泛使用，但与嗅觉相关的术语的定义仍然存在一些分歧。目前使用的多个重叠且不精确的术语令人困惑，并阻碍了这些概念的清晰和普遍理解。从事化学感觉科学领域研究的人员迫切需要就这些嗅觉术语的定义达成统一共识。随着人们对嗅觉的兴趣增加，这些术语的精确使用将提高整合和推进该领域知识的能力。
