Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK.
Centre for Biomedical and Nutrition Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar 31900, Malaysia.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 29;15(13):2948. doi: 10.3390/nu15132948.
Diabetes and obesity are chronic diseases that are a burden to low- and middle-income countries. We conducted this systematic review to understand gene-diet interactions affecting the Southeast Asian population's risk of obesity and diabetes. The literature search was performed on Google Scholar and MEDLINE (PubMed) search engines independently by four reviewers who evaluated the eligibility of articles based on inclusion criteria. Out of 19,031 articles, 20 articles examining gene-diet interactions on obesity and/or diabetes-related traits met the inclusion criteria. Three (Malaysia, Indonesia, and Singapore) out of eleven Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries have conducted studies on gene-diet interactions on obesity and diabetes. From the 20 selected articles, the most common interactions were observed between macronutrients and genetic risk score (GRS) on metabolic disease-related traits in the Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnicities. Overall, we identified 29 significant gene-diet interactions in the Southeast Asian population. The results of this systematic review demonstrate ethnic-specific gene-nutrient interactions on metabolic-disease-related traits in the Southeast Asian population. This is the first systematic review to explore gene-diet interactions on obesity and diabetes in the Southeast Asian population and further research using larger sample sizes is required for better understanding and framing nutrigenetic approaches for personalized nutrition.
糖尿病和肥胖是给中低收入国家带来负担的慢性疾病。我们进行了这项系统综述，以了解影响东南亚人群肥胖和糖尿病风险的基因-饮食相互作用。文献检索由四位评审员在 Google Scholar 和 MEDLINE（PubMed）搜索引擎上独立进行，评审员根据纳入标准评估文章的资格。在 19031 篇文章中，有 20 篇文章研究了肥胖和/或糖尿病相关特征的基因-饮食相互作用，符合纳入标准。在 11 个东盟国家中，有三个国家（马来西亚、印度尼西亚和新加坡）就肥胖和糖尿病的基因-饮食相互作用开展了研究。在 20 篇选定的文章中，在马来人、华人、印度人等族裔中，最常见的相互作用是观察到宏量营养素和遗传风险评分（GRS）与代谢疾病相关特征之间的相互作用。总的来说，我们在东南亚人群中确定了 29 个与代谢疾病相关特征的显著基因-饮食相互作用。这项系统综述的结果表明，东南亚人群存在与特定族裔有关的与代谢疾病相关特征的基因-营养相互作用。这是第一项探索东南亚人群肥胖和糖尿病基因-饮食相互作用的系统综述，需要进行更大样本量的进一步研究，以更好地理解和制定个性化营养的营养遗传学方法。
