Kohring Claudia, Akmatov Manas K, Dammertz Lotte, Heuer Joachim, Bätzing Jörg, Holstiege Jakob
Department of Epidemiology and Health Care Atlas, Central Research Institute of Ambulatory Health Care in the Federal Republic of Germany, Salzufer 8, 10587, Berlin, Germany.
World Allergy Organ J. 2023 Jul 5;16(7):100797. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100797. eCollection 2023 Jul.
This claims-based study aimed to assess recent nationwide trends in pediatric incidence of atopic diseases in Germany.
Incidence of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and hay fever was assessed from 2013 to 2021 in annual cohorts of 0- to 17-year-old children and adolescents with statutory health insurance (N = 11,828,525 in 2021).
Incidence of atopic dermatitis remained largely unchanged (15.2 cases per 1000 children in 2021) while hay fever incidence exhibited a fluctuating trend over the study period and amounted to 8.8 cases per 1000 in 2021. Asthma incidence decreased gradually between 2013 (12.4/1000) and 2019 (8.9/1000). This downward trend was followed by a further disproportionate reduction from 2019 to 2020 (6.3/1000) and a re-increase in 2021 (7.2/1000).
The findings complement nationwide prevalence surveys of atopic diseases in children and adolescents in Germany. Knowledge about temporal variations in risk of atopic diseases are crucial for future investigations of explanatory factors to enhance the development of preventive measures. While asthma incidence followed a declining trend throughout the study period, an unprecedentedly strong reduction in pediatric asthma risk was observed in 2020, the first year of the COVID-19-pandemic.
这项基于索赔的研究旨在评估德国近期全国范围内儿童特应性疾病的发病率趋势。
对2013年至2021年每年0至17岁参加法定医疗保险的儿童和青少年队列（2021年N = 11,828,525）的特应性皮炎、哮喘和花粉症发病率进行评估。
特应性皮炎的发病率基本保持不变（2021年每1000名儿童中有15.2例），而花粉症的发病率在研究期间呈波动趋势，2021年为每1000名中有8.8例。哮喘发病率在2013年（12.4/1000）至2019年（8.9/1000）之间逐渐下降。这种下降趋势在2019年至2020年进一步大幅下降（6.3/1000）后，于2021年再次上升（7.2/1000）。
这些发现补充了德国儿童和青少年特应性疾病的全国患病率调查。了解特应性疾病风险的时间变化对于未来解释性因素的研究以加强预防措施的制定至关重要。虽然哮喘发病率在整个研究期间呈下降趋势，但在2020年，即新冠疫情的第一年，观察到儿童哮喘风险出现了前所未有的大幅下降。
