The Role and Mechanism of MicroRNA 21 in Osteogenesis: An Update.

MicroRNAs are short, single-stranded ribonucleic acids expressed endogenously in the body to regulate gene expression at the post-translational level, with exogenous microRNA offering an attractive approach to therapy. Among the myriad microRNA candidates involved in controlling bone homeostasis and remodeling, () is the most abundant. This paper discusses the studies conducted on the role and mechanism of human () in the regulation of bones and the various pathways mediated by , and explores the feasibility of employing exogenous as a strategy for promoting osteogenesis. From the literature review, it was clear that plays a dual role in bone metabolism by regulating both bone formation and bone resorption. There is substantial evidence to date from both in vitro and in vivo studies that exogenous can successfully accelerate new bone synthesis in the context of bone loss due to injury or osteoporosis. This supports the exploration of applications of exogenous in bone regenerative therapy in the future.