Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Egypt.
Department of Mycology Research and Plant Diseases Survey, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
BMC Plant Biol. 2023 Aug 10;23(1):388. doi: 10.1186/s12870-023-04395-5.
Stripe rust is considered one of the most devastating diseases of wheat all over the world, resulting in a high loss in its production. In this study, time-course changes in expression of the polyphenol biosynthesis pathways genes in wheat against stripe rust were investigated. The defense mechanisms triggered by mycorrhizal colonization and/or spraying with Streptomyces viridosporus HH1 against this disease were also investigated.
Results obtained revealed that C3H, which is considered the key gene in lignin biosynthesis, was the most expressed gene. Furthermore, most of the chlorogenic acid and flavonoid biosynthesis genes were also overexpressed. Volcano plots of the studied genes reveal that the dual treatment led to a high significant overexpression of 10 out of the 13 studied genes. Heatmap of these genes showed that the most frequent expressed gene in response to all applied treatments along the study period was DFR, the key gene in the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins. Gene co-expression network of the studied genes showed that HQT was the most central gene with respect to the other genes, followed by AN2 and DFR, respectively. Accumulation of different flavonoids and phenolic acids were detected in response to the dual treatment, in particular, cinnamic acid, coumarin, and esculetin, which recorded the highest elevation level recording 1000, 488.23, and 329.5% respectively. Furthermore, results from the greenhouse experiment showed that application of the dual treatment led to an 82.8% reduction in the disease severity, compared with the control treatment.
We can conclude that the biosynthesis of lignin, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids contributed to the synergistic triggering effect of the dual treatment on wheat resistance to stripe rust.
条锈病被认为是全世界小麦最具破坏性的疾病之一，导致其产量损失很高。在本研究中，研究了小麦对条锈病的多酚生物合成途径基因表达的时程变化。还研究了菌根定植和/或喷洒 Streptomyces viridosporus HH1 对该疾病的防御机制。
研究结果表明，被认为是木质素生物合成关键基因的 C3H 是表达量最高的基因。此外，大多数绿原酸和类黄酮生物合成基因也过表达。研究基因的火山图显示，双重处理导致 13 个研究基因中的 10 个基因的过表达具有高度显著意义。这些基因的热图显示，在整个研究期间，对所有应用处理均响应的最频繁表达基因是 DFR，它是花色苷生物合成的关键基因。研究基因的共表达网络显示，相对于其他基因，HQT 是最中心的基因，其次是 AN2 和 DFR。在双重处理下检测到不同类黄酮和酚酸的积累，特别是肉桂酸、香豆素和esculetin，其分别记录了 1000、488.23 和 329.5%的最高升高水平。此外，温室实验的结果表明，与对照处理相比，应用双重处理可使病情严重度降低 82.8%。
我们可以得出结论，木质素、绿原酸和类黄酮的生物合成有助于双重处理对小麦抗条锈病的协同触发效应。
