Department of Precision Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
Adv Mater. 2024 Apr;36(17):e2306450. doi: 10.1002/adma.202306450. Epub 2023 Dec 7.
Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging non-invasive tomographic technique based on the response of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to oscillating drive fields at the center of a static magnetic gradient. In contrast to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is driven by uniform magnetic fields and projects the anatomic information of the subjects, MPI directly tracks and quantifies MNPs in vivo without background signals. Moreover, it does not require radioactive tracers and has no limitations on imaging depth. This article first introduces the basic principles of MPI and important features of MNPs for imaging sensitivity, spatial resolution, and targeted biodistribution. The latest research aiming to optimize the performance of MPI tracers is reviewed based on their material composition, physical properties, and surface modifications. While the unique advantages of MPI have led to a series of promising biomedical applications, recent development of MPI in investigating vascular abnormalities in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, and cancer are also discussed. Finally, recent progress and challenges in the clinical translation of MPI are discussed to provide possible directions for future research and development.
磁性粒子成像（MPI）是一种新兴的非侵入性层析成像技术，基于磁纳米粒子（MNPs）对静态磁场梯度中心的振荡驱动场的响应。与磁共振成像（MRI）不同，后者由均匀磁场驱动，并投影出被检者的解剖信息，MPI 直接在体内追踪和量化 MNPs，没有背景信号。此外，它不需要放射性示踪剂，并且对成像深度没有限制。本文首先介绍了 MPI 的基本原理和 MNPs 的重要特征，这些特征对成像灵敏度、空间分辨率和靶向生物分布具有重要影响。根据材料组成、物理性质和表面修饰，综述了旨在优化 MPI 示踪剂性能的最新研究。尽管 MPI 的独特优势带来了一系列有前途的生物医学应用，但也讨论了 MPI 在研究心血管和脑血管系统以及癌症中的血管异常方面的最新进展。最后，讨论了 MPI 在临床转化方面的最新进展和挑战，为未来的研究和开发提供了可能的方向。
