Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Parkland Health, Dallas Texas, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2024 Feb 14;229(2):462-472. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad421.
Maternal immunity impacts the infant, but how is unclear. To understand the implications of the immune exposures of vaccination and infection in pregnancy for neonatal immunity, we evaluated antibody functions in paired peripheral maternal and cord blood. We compared those who in pregnancy received mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, were infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the combination. We found that vaccination enriched a subset of neutralizing activities and Fc effector functions that was driven by IgG1 and was minimally impacted by antibody glycosylation in maternal blood. In paired cord blood, maternal vaccination also enhanced IgG1. However, Fc effector functions compared to neutralizing activities were preferentially transferred. Moreover, changes in IgG posttranslational glycosylation contributed more to cord than peripheral maternal blood antibody functional potency. These differences were enhanced with the combination of vaccination and infection as compared to either alone. Thus, Fc effector functions and antibody glycosylation highlight underexplored maternal opportunities to safeguard newborns.
母体免疫会对婴儿产生影响，但具体机制尚不清楚。为了了解妊娠期间疫苗接种和感染引起的免疫暴露对新生儿免疫的影响，我们评估了配对的产妇外周血和脐血中的抗体功能。我们比较了在妊娠期间接种了 mRNA 新型冠状病毒 2019（COVID-19）疫苗、感染了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）以及同时接种疫苗和感染的孕妇。结果发现，疫苗接种增强了一组中和活性和 Fc 效应功能，这些功能由 IgG1 驱动，并且受母体血液中抗体糖基化的影响最小。在配对的脐血中，母体疫苗接种也增强了 IgG1。然而，与中和活性相比，Fc 效应功能更优先转移。此外，与外周血母体相比，IgG 翻译后糖基化的变化对脐血抗体功能效力的影响更大。与单独接种疫苗或感染相比，这些差异在疫苗接种和感染联合时更为明显。因此，Fc 效应功能和抗体糖基化突出了母体在保护新生儿方面尚未充分探索的机会。
