Department of Food Nutrition and Health, School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150010, China.
Biotechnol Adv. 2024 Mar-Apr;71:108323. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108323. Epub 2024 Feb 10.
CRISPR-Cas (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated proteins) systems are widely distributed in lactic acid bacteria (LAB), contributing to their RNA-mediated adaptive defense immunity. The CRISPR-Cas-based genetic tools have exhibited powerful capability. It has been highly utilized in different organisms, accelerating the development of life science. The review summarized the components, adaptive immunity mechanisms, and classification of CRISPR-Cas systems; analyzed the distribution and characteristics of CRISPR-Cas system in LAB. The review focuses on the development of CRISPR-Cas-based genetic tools in LAB for providing latest development and future trend. The diverse and broad applications of CRISPR-Cas systems in food/probiotic industry are introduced. LAB harbor a plenty of CRISPR-Cas systems, which contribute to generate safer and more robust strains with increased resistance against bacteriophage and prevent the dissemination of plasmids carrying antibiotic-resistance markers. Furthermore, the CRISPR-Cas system from LAB could be used to exploit novel, flexible, programmable genome editing tools of native host and other organisms, resolving the limitation of genetic operation of some LAB species, increasing the important biological functions of probiotics, improving the adaptation of probiotics in complex environments, and inhibiting the growth of foodborne pathogens. The development of the genetic tools based on CRISPR-Cas system in LAB, especially the endogenous CRISPR-Cas system, will open new avenues for precise regulation, rational design, and flexible application of LAB.
CRISPR-Cas（成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列-相关蛋白）系统广泛分布于乳酸菌（LAB）中，有助于其 RNA 介导的适应性防御免疫。基于 CRISPR-Cas 的遗传工具具有强大的功能。它已在不同的生物体中得到高度利用，加速了生命科学的发展。该综述总结了 CRISPR-Cas 系统的组成、适应性免疫机制和分类；分析了 LAB 中 CRISPR-Cas 系统的分布和特征。本综述重点介绍了 LAB 中基于 CRISPR-Cas 的遗传工具的发展，为提供最新的发展和未来的趋势。介绍了 CRISPR-Cas 系统在食品/益生菌工业中的多样化和广泛应用。LAB 中蕴藏着大量的 CRISPR-Cas 系统，有助于生成更安全、更健壮的菌株，提高对噬菌体的抗性，并防止携带抗生素抗性标记的质粒的传播。此外，LAB 的 CRISPR-Cas 系统可用于开发天然宿主和其他生物体的新型、灵活、可编程的基因组编辑工具，解决某些 LAB 物种遗传操作的局限性，增加益生菌的重要生物学功能，提高益生菌在复杂环境中的适应性，并抑制食源性病原体的生长。基于 LAB 中 CRISPR-Cas 系统的遗传工具的发展，特别是内源性 CRISPR-Cas 系统的发展，将为 LAB 的精确调控、合理设计和灵活应用开辟新的途径。
