School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2024;15(1):2321761. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2321761. Epub 2024 Mar 1.
Nurses in emergency departments are at a high risk of experiencing secondary traumatic stress because of their frequent exposure to trauma patients and high-stress environments. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the overall prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among emergency nurses and to identify the contributing factors. We conducted a systematic search for cross-sectional studies in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Wanfang Database, and China National Knowledge Internet up to October 21, 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute's appraisal checklists for prevalence and analytical cross-sectional studies were used for quality assessment. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using Cochrane's Q test and the statistic. A random effects model was applied to estimate the pooled prevalence of secondary traumatic stress, and subgroup analyses were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. Descriptive analysis summarized the associated factors. Out of 345 articles retrieved, 14 met the inclusion criteria, with 11 reporting secondary traumatic stress prevalence. The pooled prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among emergency nurses was 65% (95% CI: 58%-73%). Subgroup analyses indicated the highest prevalence in Asia (74%, 95% CI: 72%-77%), followed by North America (59%, 95% CI: 49%-72%) and Europe (53%, 95% CI: 29%-95%). Nine studies identified associated factors, including personal, work-related, and social factors. In the subgroup of divided by recruitment period, emergency department nurses in the COVID-19 outbreak period had a higher prevalence of secondary traumatic stress (70%, 95% CI: 62%-78%). Secondary traumatic stress prevalence is notably high among emergency department nurses, with significant regional variations and period differences. The factors affecting secondary traumatic stress also varied across studies. Future research should focus on improving research designs and sample sizes to pinpoint risk factors and develop prevention strategies. PROSPERO CRD42022301167.
急诊科护士由于频繁接触创伤患者和高压力环境，面临着较高的创伤后应激二次损伤风险。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在确定急诊护士创伤后应激二次损伤的总体发生率，并确定其相关因素。我们对 PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、CINAHL、万方数据库和中国知网等数据库中的横断面研究进行了系统检索，检索时间截至 2023 年 10 月 21 日。采用 Joanna Briggs 研究所的流行率和分析性横断面研究评价检查表进行质量评估。使用 Cochrane's Q 检验和 I ² 统计量评估研究间的异质性。应用随机效应模型估计创伤后应激二次损伤的汇总发生率，并进行亚组分析以探索异质性来源。描述性分析总结了相关因素。从 345 篇文章中筛选出 14 篇符合纳入标准的文章，其中 11 篇报告了创伤后应激二次损伤的发生率。急诊科护士创伤后应激二次损伤的总体发生率为 65%（95%CI：58%-73%）。亚组分析显示，亚洲地区的发生率最高（74%，95%CI：72%-77%），其次是北美（59%，95%CI：49%-72%）和欧洲（53%，95%CI：29%-95%）。9 项研究确定了相关因素，包括个人、工作和社会因素。在按招募时期分组的亚组中，COVID-19 爆发期间的急诊科护士创伤后应激二次损伤发生率更高（70%，95%CI：62%-78%）。急诊科护士的创伤后应激二次损伤发生率显著较高，且存在显著的地区差异和时期差异。影响创伤后应激二次损伤的因素也因研究而异。未来的研究应注重改进研究设计和样本量，以确定风险因素并制定预防策略。PROSPERO CRD42022301167。
