Centre for Molecular Neurosciences, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Jun 14;15:1416668. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1416668. eCollection 2024.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) stands as a prevalent complication in the eye resulting from diabetes mellitus, predominantly associated with high blood sugar levels and hypertension as individuals age. DR is a severe microvascular complication of both type I and type II diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of vision impairment. The critical approach to combatting and halting the advancement of DR lies in effectively managing blood glucose and blood pressure levels in diabetic patients; however, this is seldom achieved. Both human and animal studies have revealed the intricate nature of this condition involving various cell types and molecules. Aside from photocoagulation, the sole therapy targeting VEGF molecules in the retina to prevent abnormal blood vessel growth is intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. However, a substantial portion of cases, approximately 30-40%, do not respond to this treatment. This review explores distinctive pathophysiological phenomena of DR and identifiable cell types and molecules that could be targeted to mitigate the chronic changes occurring in the retina due to diabetes mellitus. Addressing the significant research gap in this domain is imperative to broaden the treatment options available for managing DR effectively.
糖尿病性视网膜病变（DR）是一种常见的眼部并发症，主要与糖尿病患者的高血糖和高血压有关，随着年龄的增长而发生。DR 是 1 型和 2 型糖尿病的严重微血管并发症，也是导致视力损害的主要原因。防治 DR 的关键在于有效控制糖尿病患者的血糖和血压水平；然而，这很少能实现。人体和动物研究都揭示了这种疾病涉及多种细胞类型和分子的复杂性质。除了光凝疗法外，唯一针对视网膜中 VEGF 分子以防止异常血管生长的治疗方法是眼内抗 VEGF 治疗。然而，大约 30-40%的病例对此治疗方法没有反应。本综述探讨了 DR 的独特病理生理现象以及可识别的细胞类型和分子，这些细胞类型和分子可以靶向治疗，以减轻由于糖尿病引起的视网膜慢性变化。解决这一领域的重大研究空白对于拓宽有效的 DR 治疗选择至关重要。
