Augustsson Jesper, Gunhamn Ted, Andersson Håkan
Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Linnaeus University, 39182 Kalmar, Sweden.
High Performance Center, Strength and Conditioning Institute, 35246 Vaxjo, Sweden.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Jul 24;12(8):201. doi: 10.3390/sports12080201.
Data on the strength ratio between agonist and antagonist muscles are frequently examined in sports testing, given its correlation with athletic performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the agonist-to-antagonist ratio of upper body strength in female and male elite Swedish track and field throwers using a new push (bench press) and pull (supine bench row) test device, and to determine its reliability. The study involved eight female and nine male athletes, aged 19-29 years, engaging, respectively, in discus, hammer, and shot put competitions at both national and international levels. The athletes' maximum isometric force was assessed during the bench press (push) and supine bench row (pull) exercises, respectively, using a custom-built test device. The test-retest reliability of the device was also examined. The total push-to-pull strength ratio for the female throwers was 1.15, whereas male throwers demonstrated a ratio of 1.22. Total push and pull force for the female throwers was significantly less than for the male throwers (5511 N vs. 8970 N, < 0.001). Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.93 to 0.96 for the bench press and supine bench row exercise, indicating that the push and pull test device was highly reliable. The main findings of this study were that elite female and male discus, hammer, and shot put throwers exhibited 15% and 22% more pushing (bench press) than pulling (supine bench row) strength. Push and pull strength in the female throwers ranged from 47% to 71% of that of the male throwers. The push and pull test device is a reliable tool in establishing the agonist-to-antagonist ratio of upper body strength of athletes. Coaches and athletes may benefit from examining upper body push and pull strength ratios for training planning and prescription.
鉴于其与运动表现的相关性，在体育测试中经常会对 agonist 肌和 antagonist 肌之间的力量比数据进行检查。本研究的目的是使用一种新的推举（卧推）和拉引（仰卧凳上划船）测试设备，确定瑞典男女精英田径投掷运动员上半身力量的 agonist 与 antagonist 比值，并确定其可靠性。该研究涉及8名女性和9名男性运动员，年龄在19至29岁之间，分别参加国家和国际级别的铁饼、链球和铅球比赛。分别使用定制的测试设备在卧推（推举）和仰卧凳上划船（拉引）练习过程中评估运动员的最大等长力量。还检查了该设备的重测可靠性。女性投掷运动员的总推与拉力量比为1.15，而男性投掷运动员的比值为1.22。女性投掷运动员的总推举和拉引力量明显小于男性投掷运动员（5511牛对8970牛，<0.001）。卧推和仰卧凳上划船练习的组内相关系数在0.93至0.96之间，表明推举和拉引测试设备具有高度可靠性。本研究的主要发现是，精英男女铁饼、链球和铅球投掷运动员的推举（卧推）力量比拉引（仰卧凳上划船）力量分别高出15%和22%。女性投掷运动员的推举和拉引力量为男性投掷运动员的47%至71%。推举和拉引测试设备是确定运动员上半身力量 agonist 与 antagonist 比值的可靠工具。教练和运动员可能会从检查上半身推举和拉引力量比中受益，以进行训练计划和处方制定。
