Rodriguez Zelmar, Picasso-Risso Catalina, O'Connor Annette, Ruegg Pamela L
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.
JDS Commun. 2024 Sep 30;5(Suppl 1):S8-S12. doi: 10.3168/jdsc.2024-0650. eCollection 2024 Oct.
On March 24, 2024, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) confirmed the first case of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in dairy cattle. Following this initial detection, the virus was found to have spread to other species, including humans. Since then, at least 192 dairy herds across 13 states have tested positive for the virus. The emergence of HPAI H5N1 in dairy cattle poses a serious threat to the dairy industry, requiring an approach that integrates human, animal, and environmental health. Enhancing biosecurity, improving surveillance, and advancing research are critical to managing this challenge. Swift adaptation is needed to protect both public health and dairy production. Through this work, we discuss the epidemiological and clinical aspects of HPAI H5N1 in cattle by reviewing the spatiotemporal situation of the disease across the United States, the clinical signs and testing leading to a confirmed case, and the surveillance and control measures implemented at the national and state levels. Further, considering pathogenesis and risk factors, we discuss surveillance and control measures to implement within herds, and note areas where research is needed to understand how to control this emerging disease.
2024年3月24日，美国农业部（USDA）确认了首例奶牛感染高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H5N1进化分支2.3.4.4b的病例。在首次检测到该病例后，发现该病毒已传播到包括人类在内的其他物种。从那时起，美国13个州的至少192个奶牛群检测出该病毒呈阳性。奶牛中出现HPAI H5N1对乳制品行业构成了严重威胁，需要一种整合人类、动物和环境卫生的方法。加强生物安全、改进监测和推进研究对于应对这一挑战至关重要。需要迅速做出调整以保护公众健康和乳制品生产。通过这项工作，我们通过回顾美国各地该疾病的时空情况、导致确诊病例的临床症状和检测，以及国家和州层面实施的监测和控制措施，来讨论HPAI H5N1在牛身上的流行病学和临床方面。此外，考虑到发病机制和风险因素，我们讨论了牛群内部应实施的监测和控制措施，并指出了需要开展研究以了解如何控制这种新出现疾病的领域。
