Xi Lei, Wang Xiaomei, Rao Jingjing, Zeng Ye, Xiang Yun, Li Changzhen
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, China.
Prev Med Rep. 2024 Nov 13;48:102929. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102929. eCollection 2024 Dec.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children and adolescents in Central China.
In total, 8,248 children and adolescents aged 0-18 years at a children's hospital from January 2019 to February 2022, were recruited. Their serum vitamin D levels were measured, and monthly meteorological and air pollution data were collected.
The overall mean serum vitamin D level was 37.7 ± 17.7 ng/mL, and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was 17.7 % and 23.4 %, respectively. Children aged 13-18 years had the highest vitamin D deficiency rate (64.1 %) and the lowest sufficiency rate (4.8 %). The incidence of vitamin D deficiency in girls, especially those aged 6-13 years and 13-18 years, was higher compared to boys. The highest prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was observed in winter (23.2 %), whereas the lowest was found in autumn (12.0 %). Vitamin D insufficiency was most prevalent in summer (27.0 %), significantly higher than in other seasons. Girls were more prone than boys to vitamin D deficiency in spring and summer. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between vitamin D levels, nitrogen dioxide concentrations, and sunshine hours and a negative correlation with particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5).
Our study found high vitamin D deficiency among children in central China, especially girls aged 13-18. Strategies should include promoting sunlight, reducing air pollution, and considering supplementation, particularly in spring and summer.
本研究旨在确定中国中部地区儿童和青少年维生素D缺乏及不足的患病率及其相关因素。
2019年1月至2022年2月，共招募了某儿童医院8248名0至18岁的儿童和青少年。测量他们的血清维生素D水平，并收集每月的气象和空气污染数据。
血清维生素D总体平均水平为37.7±17.7 ng/mL，维生素D缺乏和不足的患病率分别为17.7%和23.4%。13至18岁儿童的维生素D缺乏率最高（64.1%），充足率最低（4.8%）。女孩，尤其是6至13岁和13至18岁的女孩，维生素D缺乏的发生率高于男孩。维生素D缺乏在冬季的患病率最高（23.2%），而在秋季最低（12.0%）。维生素D不足在夏季最为普遍（27.0%），显著高于其他季节。在春季和夏季，女孩比男孩更容易出现维生素D缺乏。逐步多元线性回归分析显示，维生素D水平、二氧化氮浓度和日照时长之间呈正相关，与细颗粒物2.5（PM2.5）呈负相关。
我们的研究发现中国中部地区儿童中维生素D缺乏情况严重，尤其是13至18岁的女孩。应对策略应包括促进阳光照射、减少空气污染，并考虑进行补充，特别是在春季和夏季。
