EFSA J. 2015 Mar 31;13(3):4053. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4053. eCollection 2015 Mar.
Chemical group 31 consists of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, of which 17 are currently authorised for use as flavours in food. This opinion concerns nine compounds from this group. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) is unable to perform an assessment of 1,4(8),12-bisabolatriene [01.016] due to the lack of data on its purity. The Panel concludes that d-limonene [01.045] is safe for all animal species, except for male rats, at the proposed maximum dose level (25 mg/kg feed). 1-Isopropyl-4-methylbenzene [01.002] is safe for all target species, except cats, at the proposed maximum dose level (25 mg/kg feed), with a margin of safety ranging from 1-fold (no margin of safety) to 3.2-fold. For cats the calculated maximum safe concentration is 14 mg/kg complete feed. For the compounds belonging to Cramer Class I, terpinolene [01.005], alpha-phellandrene [01.006], 1-isopropenyl-4-methylbenzene [01.010], alpha-terpinene [01.019], gamma-terpinene [01.020] and l-limonene [01.046], the calculated safe use level is 1.5 mg/kg complete feed for cattle, salmonids and non-food-producing animals and 1 mg/kg complete feed for pigs and poultry. The absence of a margin of safety would not allow the simultaneous administration in feed and water for drinking of these substances. Overall, the FEEDAP Panel is not in the position to conclude on the use of these additives in water for drinking. No safety concern would arise for the consumer from the use of these compounds up to the highest safe levels in feeds. All compounds should be considered irritant to skin, eyes and respiratory tract and as skin sensitisers. No risk for the safety for the environment is foreseen. Since all of the compounds under assessment are used in food as flavourings, and their function in feed is essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy is necessary.
第31类化学物质包括脂肪族和芳香族碳氢化合物，其中17种目前被批准用作食品香料。本意见涉及该类别中的9种化合物。由于缺乏1,4(8),12-双环倍半水芹烯[01.016]纯度的数据，动物饲料添加剂及产品或物质专家委员会（FEEDAP）无法对其进行评估。专家委员会得出结论，在建议的最大剂量水平（25毫克/千克饲料）下，除雄性大鼠外，d-苎烯[01.045]对所有动物种类均安全。在建议的最大剂量水平（25毫克/千克饲料）下，1-异丙基-4-甲基苯[01.002]对除猫以外的所有目标物种均安全，安全系数范围为1倍（无安全系数）至3.2倍。对于猫，计算得出的最大安全浓度为14毫克/千克全价饲料。对于属于克莱默第一类的化合物，异松油烯[01.005]、α-水芹烯[01.006]、1-异丙烯基-4-甲基苯[01.010]、α-萜品烯[01.019]、γ-萜品烯[01.020]和l-苎烯[01.046]，计算得出的安全使用水平为牛、鲑鱼和非产食用动物1.5毫克/千克全价饲料，猪和家禽1毫克/千克全价饲料。由于没有安全系数，这些物质不能同时添加到饲料和饮用水中。总体而言，FEEDAP专家委员会无法就这些添加剂在饮用水中的使用得出结论。在饲料中使用这些化合物直至最高安全水平，不会给消费者带来安全问题。所有化合物均应被视为对皮肤、眼睛和呼吸道有刺激性，并具有皮肤致敏性。预计对环境安全无风险。由于所有评估的化合物均用作食品调味剂，且它们在饲料中的功能与在食品中的基本相同，因此无需进一步证明其有效性。
