Song Zhiyi, Han Jinchi, Wang Shuting, Yuan Jiayu, Wang Zhouping, Ma Xiaoyuan
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2025 Jul;417(18):4215-4225. doi: 10.1007/s00216-025-05936-7. Epub 2025 Jun 3.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a fungal toxin and commonly found in cereals. Its cytotoxicity occurs through the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway. In this paper, a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method has been utilized for monitoring of biomolecules in the mitochondrial region. Gold nanostars (AuNSs) were first modified with triphenylphosphine (TPP). It could realize mitochondria targeting while serving as the SERS substrate to enhance the Raman spectra during the dynamic processes of intracellular substances. Results showed that AuNSs-TPP had good physiological stability and less cytotoxicity. DON was then used to establish the apoptosis model of HepG2 cells. SERS spectra of cells with different DON incubation times using AuNSs-TPP were monitored. The specific Raman peaks corresponded to different intracellular substances. The spectra revealed that the high-level structure of proteins in mitochondria was the first to be disrupted, followed by the disintegration of the double-helix structure of DNA and then the increase of glycogen. Besides, SERS spectra for the cells pretreated with resveratrol (Res) verified its inhibitory effect on apoptosis in HepG2 cells. This AuNSs-TPP-based SERS assay realized the in situ monitoring of DON-induced apoptosis. It has prospects for research on mycotoxin-induced cell damage in the field of food safety.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是一种真菌毒素，常见于谷物中。其细胞毒性通过线粒体介导的凋亡途径发生。在本文中，一种表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）方法已被用于监测线粒体区域的生物分子。金纳米星（AuNSs）首先用三苯基膦（TPP）进行修饰。它可以实现线粒体靶向，同时作为SERS底物在细胞内物质的动态过程中增强拉曼光谱。结果表明，AuNSs-TPP具有良好的生理稳定性和较低的细胞毒性。然后用DON建立HepG2细胞的凋亡模型。监测使用AuNSs-TPP处理不同DON孵育时间的细胞的SERS光谱。特定的拉曼峰对应于不同的细胞内物质。光谱显示，线粒体中蛋白质高级结构首先被破坏，随后是DNA双螺旋结构解体，然后是糖原增加。此外，用白藜芦醇（Res）预处理的细胞的SERS光谱证实了其对HepG2细胞凋亡的抑制作用。这种基于AuNSs-TPP的SERS检测实现了对DON诱导凋亡的原位监测。它在食品安全领域霉菌毒素诱导细胞损伤的研究方面具有前景。
